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Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications
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Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2024 | Viewed by 17823

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ken Hirano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan
Interests: single-molecule studies; genomic DNA; extracellular vesicles (EVs); micro/nanofluidics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, a biosensing technology based on the fusion of micro/nanodevices, including micro/nanofluidic chip, and biology has provided remarkable success, providing the development of novel concepts, tools or methods. In addition, the micro/nanostructure of these devices can provide about the same size and space as a single molecule or single cell, so they can be measured directly or from the surface of an organism or living body to them. These potentials hold a considerable promise for applications in various fields such as basic biology, agriculture, environment, healthcare and medical science. This suggests that biosensing technology with micro/nanodevice has great potential to contribute more in those fields and to lead those biological fields to a new era.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications”. This Special Issue covers a variety of biosensing from single molecules, extracellular vesicles (EVs)/liposomes, virus, bacteria and cells to device applications such as basic biology, agriculture, environment, healthcare and medical science based on micro/nanodevices including micro/nanofluidic chip.

This issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review papers, including the most up-to-date results and information in the above research fields. Contribution to this Special Issue with detection, manipulation, imaging, characterization, monitoring, fabrication, instrumentation, methodologies and new concepts are welcome.

Dr. Ken Hirano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Micro and nanodevice
  • Lab on a chip
  • Micro and nanofluidics
  • MEMS and NEMS
  • Micro and nanofabrication
  • Micro and nanostructures
  • Virus
  • Biopsy
  • Immuno assay
  • Bioanalysis
  • Diagnostics
  • Single molecule studies
  • Single cell analysis
  • Nanoparticles
  • Biosensor in agriculture
  • Biosensor in environment

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2803 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Multimodal Imaging of Stem Cells Using Nanohybrid Particles Incorporating Quantum Dots and Magnetic Nanoparticles
by Shota Yamada, Hiroshi Yukawa, Kaori Yamada, Yuki Murata, Jun-ichiro Jo, Masaya Yamamoto, Ayae Sugawara-Narutaki, Yasuhiko Tabata and Yoshinobu Baba
Sensors 2022, 22(15), 5705; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155705 - 30 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
The diagnosis of the dynamics, accumulation, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells in vivo is essential for ensuring the safety and the maximum therapeutic effect of regenerative medicine. However, in vivo imaging technologies for detecting transplanted stem cells are not sufficient at present. [...] Read more.
The diagnosis of the dynamics, accumulation, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells in vivo is essential for ensuring the safety and the maximum therapeutic effect of regenerative medicine. However, in vivo imaging technologies for detecting transplanted stem cells are not sufficient at present. We developed nanohybrid particles composed of dendron-baring lipids having two unsaturated bonds (DLU2) molecules, quantum dots (QDs), and magnetic nanoparticles in order to diagnose the dynamics, accumulation, and engraftment of transplanted stem cells, and then addressed the labeling and in vivo fluorescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of stem cells using the nanohybrid particles (DLU2-NPs). Five kinds of DLU2-NPs (DLU2-NPs-1-5) composed of different concentrations of DLU2 molecules, QDs525, QDs605, QDs705, and ATDM were prepared. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) were labeled with DLU2-NPs for 4 h incubation, no cytotoxicity or marked effect on the proliferation ability was observed in ASCs labeled with DLU2-NPs (640- or 320-fold diluted). ASCs labeled with DLU2-NPs (640-fold diluted) were transplanted subcutaneously onto the backs of mice, and the labeled ASCs could be imaged with good contrast using in vivo fluorescence and an MR imaging system. DLU2-NPs may be useful for in vivo multimodal imaging of transplanted stem cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications)
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12 pages, 9319 KiB  
Article
Material-Specific Determination Based on Microscopic Observation of Single Microplastic Particles Stained with Fluorescent Dyes
by Hiroshi Aoki
Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3390; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093390 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2717
Abstract
Microplastics are increasingly suspected of having serious negative effects on ecological systems and living organisms. These effects are different based on the materials of the microplastics, leading to the importance of the determination of the materials. For material determination, spectral fingerprints based on [...] Read more.
Microplastics are increasingly suspected of having serious negative effects on ecological systems and living organisms. These effects are different based on the materials of the microplastics, leading to the importance of the determination of the materials. For material determination, spectral fingerprints based on FT-IR and Raman microspectroscopy are previously and commonly used, though they require patience and special skills. In this study, we have developed a novel technique for microscopic observation of single microplastic particles stained with fluorescent dyes to enable fluorescence-based determination of materials of these particles as a first screening of material determination. Commercially available and popular microplastic particles and fluorescent dyes were used. Fluorescence microscopy was carried out to observe the degree of fluorescent intensity for various combinations of microplastics and dyes based on the difference in fluorescent intensity of microplastics before and after staining with the dyes. We have found a dependence of the fluorescent intensity on the combination of the microplastics and the dye. Fluorescein gave the highest increase in intensity for PS (polystyrene), showing a statistically significant difference between fluorescent intensity for PS and that for PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene). The use of Fluorescein thus enables specific detection of PS. On the other hand, Nile Red gave the highest increase in fluorescence for PP, indicating that the combination of Nile Red and PP gives a significantly greater interaction than with other combinations. The use of Nile Red thus enables the specific detection of PP. These results indicate the possibility of the material determination of microplastics by using fluorescent dyes. This is the first demonstration of the differential determination of the materials of single-particle microplastics based on a material-specific increase in fluorescent intensity by staining microplastics with fluorescent dyes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications)
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9 pages, 3021 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Extra-Cellular Vesicle Dielectrophoresis and Estimation of Its Electric Properties
by Hao Chen, Tsubasa Yamakawa, Masafumi Inaba, Michihiko Nakano and Junya Suehiro
Sensors 2022, 22(9), 3279; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093279 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2210
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) refers to a type of electrical motion of dielectric particles. Because DEP is caused by particle polarization, it has been utilized to characterize particles. This study investigated the DEP of three types of exosomes, namely bovine milk, human breast milk, and [...] Read more.
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) refers to a type of electrical motion of dielectric particles. Because DEP is caused by particle polarization, it has been utilized to characterize particles. This study investigated the DEP of three types of exosomes, namely bovine milk, human breast milk, and human breast cancer exosomes. Exosomes are kinds of extracellular vesicles. The crossover frequencies of the exosomes were determined by direct observation of their DEPs. Consequently, bovine and human milk exosomes showed similar DEP properties, whereas the cancer exosomes were significantly different from the others. The membrane capacitance and conductivity of the exosomes were estimated using determined values. A significant difference was observed between bovine and human milk exosomes on their membrane capacitance. It was revealed that the membrane capacitances of human breast milk and human breast cancer exosomes were almost identical to those of their host cells and the conductivity of the exosomes were much lower than that of the host cell. Based on these results, DEP separation of the human breast milk and cancer exosomes was demonstrated. These results imply that DEP can be utilized to separate and identify cancer exosomes rapidly. Additionally, our method can be utilized to estimate the electric property of other types of extracellular vesicles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications)
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13 pages, 2298 KiB  
Article
Influence of Electroporation Medium on Delivery of Cell-Impermeable Small Molecules by Electrical Short-Circuiting via an Aqueous Droplet in Dielectric Oil: A Comparison of Different Fluorescent Tracers
by Yuki Watanabe, Hirohito Nihonyanagi, Rika Numano, Takayuki Shibata, Kazunori Takashima and Hirofumi Kurita
Sensors 2022, 22(7), 2494; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072494 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2225
Abstract
Membrane permeabilization stimulated by high-voltage electric pulses has been used to deliver cell-impermeable exogenous molecules. The electric field effect on the cells depends on various experimental parameters, such as electric field strength, the number of electric pulses, and the electroporation medium. In this [...] Read more.
Membrane permeabilization stimulated by high-voltage electric pulses has been used to deliver cell-impermeable exogenous molecules. The electric field effect on the cells depends on various experimental parameters, such as electric field strength, the number of electric pulses, and the electroporation medium. In this study, we show the influence of the electroporation medium on membrane permeabilization stimulated by electrical short-circuiting via an aqueous droplet in dielectric oil, a novel methodology developed by our previous investigations. We investigated the membrane permeabilization by three methods, influx of calcium ions, uptake of nucleic acid-binding fluorophores (YO-PRO-1), and calcein leakage. We demonstrated that the external medium conductivity had a significant impact on the cells in all described experiments. The short-circuiting using a low-conductivity electroporation medium enhanced the formation of both transient and irreversible membrane pores. We also found that clathrin-mediated endocytosis contributed to YO-PRO-1 uptake when a cell culture medium was used as an electroporation medium. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications)
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11 pages, 3585 KiB  
Article
Rapid DNA Sequencing Technology Based on the Sanger Method for Bacterial Identification
by Shunsuke Furutani, Nozomi Furutani, Yasuyuki Kawai, Akifumi Nakayama and Hidenori Nagai
Sensors 2022, 22(6), 2130; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22062130 - 09 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5044
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance, a global health concern, has been increasing due to inappropriate use of antibacterial agents. To facilitate early treatment of sepsis, rapid bacterial identification is imperative to determine appropriate antibacterial agent for better therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we developed a rapid [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance, a global health concern, has been increasing due to inappropriate use of antibacterial agents. To facilitate early treatment of sepsis, rapid bacterial identification is imperative to determine appropriate antibacterial agent for better therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we developed a rapid PCR method, rapid cycle sequencing, and microchip electrophoresis, which are the three elemental technologies for DNA sequencing based on the Sanger sequencing method, for bacterial identification. We achieved PCR amplification within 13 min and cycle sequencing within 14 min using a rapid thermal cycle system applying microfluidic technology. Furthermore, DNA analysis was completed in 14 min by constructing an algorithm for analyzing and performing microchip electrophoresis. Thus, the three elemental Sanger-based DNA sequencing steps were accomplished within 41 min. Development of a rapid purification process subsequent to PCR and cycle sequence using a microchip would help realize the identification of causative bacterial agents within one hour, and facilitate early treatment of sepsis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications)
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9 pages, 1461 KiB  
Communication
AC-Electroosmosis-Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing for Enhancing Protein Signals with a Simple Kretschmann Configuration
by Kyohei Terao and Shohei Kondo
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030854 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2163
Abstract
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip fabricated with a comb-shaped microelectrode array to supply alternating current (AC) voltage is reported. The chip induces circulating flow near the surface (i.e., AC electroosmosis). The circulating flow provides a mixing effect, which enhances the binding [...] Read more.
A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip fabricated with a comb-shaped microelectrode array to supply alternating current (AC) voltage is reported. The chip induces circulating flow near the surface (i.e., AC electroosmosis). The circulating flow provides a mixing effect, which enhances the binding of the analyte molecules. We evaluated the SPR characteristics of the chip and demonstrated an improvement in protein binding to the chip surface. SPR sensor chips with comb-shaped microelectrodes were fabricated using standard UV lithography. Sensing experiments were conducted using a standard Kretschmann-type SPR measurement system. To demonstrate the mixing effect of AC electroosmosis, we evaluated the binding of immunoglobulin G molecules onto the sensor surface where anti-immunoglobulin G antibodies were covalently immobilized. The result indicates that the amount of binding increases by a factor of 1.7 above that achieved by using a conventional chip, suggesting enhancement of the protein signal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Devices for Biosensing: From Single Molecule Sensing to Device Applications)
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