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Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 11872

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nicola Donato

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: sensor development and characterization; sensor- based measurement systems; microwave characterization; biomedical sensors; gas sensor for health care and environmental monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Luca Lombardo

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Guest Editor

Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
Interests: Sensor metrology; measurement systems; gas sensors; biomedical application and environmental monitoring

Dr. Giovanni Gugliandolo

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: development and metrological characterization of sensors for environmental monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The sensor market is reaching widespread diffusion, due to the increase in low-cost devices and the number of developed applications. In this context, the development and metrological characterization of sensor-based measurement systems constitute one of the main challenges in the development of applications in real scenarios. There are several aspects to take into consideration, the choice of the type of sensors to be used and their number, the right balance between the sensing performance and the embedded systems used for their management, as well as the reliability of the data coming from the measurement systems themselves. Aim of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality research papers as well as review articles including, but not limited to, design, development, characterization and employment of sensors and sensor-based measurement systems. New application scenarios as well as sensor technology and sensor fusion and measurement issues are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Nicola Donato
Dr. Luca Lombardo
Dr. Giovanni Gugliandolo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Sensor metrology
Sensor technology
Sensor based applications
Biomedical applications
Multi sensor measurement system
Sensor arrays
Diagnostic applications

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 6587 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved Spatiotemporal Framework for Human Activity Recognition in Smart Environment

by Ziad Salem and Andreas Peter Weiss

Sensors 2023, 23(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010132 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1464

Abstract

The rapid development of microsystems technology with the availability of various machine learning algorithms facilitates human activity recognition (HAR) and localization by low-cost and low-complexity systems in various applications related to industry 4.0, healthcare, ambient assisted living as well as tracking and navigation tasks. Previous work, which provided a spatiotemporal framework for HAR by fusing sensor data generated from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) with data obtained by an RGB photodiode for visible light sensing (VLS), already demonstrated promising results for real-time HAR and room identification. Based on these results, we extended the system by applying feature extraction methods of the time and frequency domain to improve considerably the correct determination of common human activities in industrial scenarios in combination with room localization. This increases the correct detection of activities to over 90% accuracy. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this solution is applicable to real-world operating conditions in ambient light. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges)

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23 pages, 3121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Atmospheric Parameters on the Dielectric Permittivity Values of SikaBlock^®-M150 and Other Rigid Polyurethane Foams Measured with a Capacitive One-Side Access Sensor

by Ilze Beverte, Sergejs Gaidukovs, Janis Andersons and Vilis Skruls

Sensors 2022, 22(20), 7859; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22207859 - 16 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1575

Abstract

A shortage of research on the impact of atmospheric parameters on the measured dielectric permittivity values of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams was identified. Therefore, the impact of temperature, pressure, and relative humidity of air in the test room on the measured values of dielectric permittivity of rigid PU foams of different densities as well as monolithic polyurethane was investigated in a year-long experimental research study with a capacitive one-side access sensor. It was shown that relative humidity has the highest correlation with the dielectric permittivity values of rigid PU materials. The detected values of parameters were linked to the water vapour mass in ambient air and its correlation with permittivity of the investigated materials was determined. The warm-up drift and warm-up time of the spectrometer were estimated experimentally. A novel methodology was demonstrated to determine the true permittivity spectrum of rigid PU foams without any involvement of the environmental chamber, desiccators, or saturated salt/water solutions. A relative increase in the measured dielectric permittivity value was estimated numerically for the entire density range of rigid PU foams, i.e., 33–1280 kg/m³ (including monolithic PU). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges)

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14 pages, 4335 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Contactless Glucose Solution Concentration Measurement System Based on Improved High Accurate FMCW Radar Algorithm

by Chengjie Liu, Yuan Du and Li Du

Sensors 2022, 22(11), 4126; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114126 - 29 May 2022

Viewed by 1714

Abstract

To reduce the pain and the probability of cross-infection caused by the invasive blood glucose testing instruments, the ex vivo glucose measurement is of high significance. The electrical property of blood varies with the density of the glucose, which can be sensed by measuring its reflected coefficient in millimeter-wave. In this article, we built a contactless glucose solution concentration measurement system based on 77-GHz FMCW radar. Several preliminary signal processing algorithms are cascaded with a deep neural network to improve the accuracy of glucose solution concentration measurement. Our experiment shows that the resolution of this ex vivo glucose measurement can achieve up to 0.1 mg/mL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges)

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18 pages, 4715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Localization of Stereovision for Measuring In-Crash Toeboard Deformation

by Wei Zhang, Tomonari Furukawa, Azusa Nakata and Toru Hashimoto

Sensors 2022, 22(8), 2962; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22082962 - 12 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1444

Abstract

This paper presents a technique to localize a stereo camera for in-crash toeboard deformation measurement. The proposed technique designed a sensor suite to install not only the stereo camera but also initial measurement units (IMUs) and a camera for localizing purpose. The pose of the stereo camera is recursively estimated using the measurement of IMUs and the localization camera through an extended Kalman filter. The performance of the proposed approach was first investigated in a stepwise manner and then tested in controlled environments including an actual vehicle crash test, which had successfully resulted in measuring the toeboard deformation during a crash. With the oscillation motion in the occurrence of the crash captured, the deformation of the toeboard measured by stereo cameras can be described in a fixed coordinate system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges)

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6 pages, 6524 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Determination of Binary Gas Mixtures by Measuring the Resonance Frequency in a Piezoelectric Tube

by Kanchalar Keeratirawee and Peter C. Hauser

Sensors 2022, 22(4), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041691 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1739

Abstract

The composition of gas mixtures may be determined via changes of the speed of sound. As this affects the resonance frequency of the gas inside a tube, indirect measurements through a frequency analysis are also possible. It is demonstrated that this may be carried out with unprecedented simplicity by the novel employment of a piezoelectric tube which serves at the same time as a resonance tube and as transducer into the electronic domain. Experiments were run using a simple diecast aluminum box as the measuring cell, inside which the piezoelectric tube made from lead zirconium titanate with 30-mm length and 5.35-mm inner diameter was suspended. A small loudspeaker placed into the cell served for excitation of the resonance. Peak frequencies between 3910 and 14,590 Hz (for pure CO₂ and He, respectively) were obtained. Two component mixtures of O₂/N₂, CO₂/N₂, and He/N₂ at various composition were tested. A linear frequency change from 4790 to 5100 Hz was observed when going from pure O₂ to pure N₂. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges)

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Review

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22 pages, 3802 KiB

Open AccessReview

Acoustic Wave Sensors for Detection of Blister Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants

by Michał Grabka, Zygfryd Witkiewicz, Krzysztof Jasek and Krzysztof Piwowarski

Sensors 2022, 22(15), 5607; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22155607 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2314

Abstract

On-site detection and initial identification of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) remain difficult despite the many available devices designed for this type of analysis. Devices using well-established analytical techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, or flame photometry, in addition to unquestionable advantages, also have some limitations (complexity, high unit cost, lack of selectivity). One of the emerging techniques of CWA detection is based on acoustic wave sensors, among which surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) are of particular importance. These devices allow for the construction of undemanding and affordable gas sensors whose selectivity, sensitivity, and other metrological parameters can be tailored by application of particular coating material. This review article presents the current state of knowledge and achievements in the field of SAW and QCM-based gas sensors used for the detection of blister agents as well as simulants of these substances. The scope of the review covers the detection of blister agents and their simulants only, as in the available literature no similar paper was found, in contrast to the detection of nerve agents. The article includes description of the principles of operation of acoustic wave sensors, a critical review of individual studies and solutions, and discusses development prospects of this analytical technique in the field of blister agent detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Sensor-Based Measurement Systems: Design, Development and Challenges)

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