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Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications
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Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2018) | Viewed by 62959

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fernando Las-Heras Andrés

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Interests: antennas; propagation; metamaterials and inverse problems with application to antenna measurement (NF-FF, diagnostics and holography); imaging (security and NDT) and localization; developing computational electromagnetics algorithms and technology on microwaves, millimeter wave and THz frequency bands
Dr. Rafael González Ayestarán

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Area of Signal Theory and Communications, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijon, Spain
Interests: wireless communications; digital signal processing; 5G; AI
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Array processing has gained increased relevance in recent years as a powerful framework capable of giving solution to promising and growing applications in wireless communications. Electromagnetic imaging, wireless energy (and information) transfer, near field focusing, RFID, MIMO, the Internet of Things, among others, make use of the capabilities of array processing techniques to provide more flexibility and control to the involved radiating systems.

Many array processing techniques have been developed long time ago. They are a mature scientific field that has received attention for many years. However, there are still many fundamental theoretical and technical challenges for practical applications, as well as novel methodologies and algorithms capable of achieving greater performance from an array. Optimization, machine learning, bioinspired algorithms, compressive sensing, etc., together with analytical analysis, traditional numerical approaches, antenna array design, digital signal processing, and new hybrid techniques, are leading to new array configurations, new capabilities, or new system implementations.

There is a long way ahead in research on arrays for wireless applications.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the state of the art in array processing and its relevance in wireless applications, new lines of research, new trends and frontiers. Review papers on this topic are also welcome. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • General array processing
  • Phased arrays
  • Array synthesis and Near Field Focusing
  • Array architectures and manufacturing
  • MIMO array and massive array
  • Adaptive beamforming
  • Sparse arrays
  • Array calibration and mutual coupling effects
  • Arrays for wireless communications and 5G
  • Wireless applications based on arrays: radar, imaging, RFID, localization, IoT
  • Arrays for acoustic and ultrasonic applications
  • Array applications to wireless energy transfer
  • Other array structures: reflectarrays, transmittarrays, etc.

Prof. Dr. Fernando Las-Heras Andrés
Prof. Dr. Rafael González-Ayestarán
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Array processing
  • Phase arrays
  • Sparse array
  • Array design and synthesis
  • Near field focusing
  • DOA estimation
  • MIMO
  • Adaptive beamforming
  • Machine learning in arrays
  • Smart antennas
  • Wireless energy transfer
  • Arrays in communications and 5G
  • Array for wireless applications
  • Radar and imaging arrays
  • Acoustic and ultrasonic arrays

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4533 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Two-Dimensional Non-Symmetric Incoherently Distributed Source with L-Shape Arrays
by Tao Wu, Zhenghong Deng, Yiwen Li, Zhengxin Li and Yijie Huang
Sensors 2019, 19(5), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051226 - 11 Mar 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2276
Abstract
In the field of array signal processing, distributed sources can be regarded as an assembly of point sources within a spatial distribution. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) non-symmetric incoherently distributed (ID) source model is proposed; we explore the estimation of a 2D [...] Read more.
In the field of array signal processing, distributed sources can be regarded as an assembly of point sources within a spatial distribution. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) non-symmetric incoherently distributed (ID) source model is proposed; we explore the estimation of a 2D non-symmetric ID source using L-shape arrays. The 2D non-symmetric ID source is established by modeling the angular power density function (APDF) as a Gaussian mixture model. Estimation of the non-symmetric distributed source is proposed based on the expectation maximization (EM) framework. The proposed EM iterative framework contains three steps in the process of each circle. Firstly, the nominal azimuth and nominal elevation of each Gaussian component are obtained from the phase parts of elements in sample covariance matrices. Then the angular spreads can be solved through a one-dimensional (1D) search by the original generalized Capon estimator. Finally, weights of each Gaussian component are obtained by solving the least-squares estimator. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the estimation technique. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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14 pages, 1431 KiB  
Article
Direction-of-Arrival Estimation in Coprime Array Using the ESPRIT-Based Method
by Zhen Meng and Weidong Zhou
Sensors 2019, 19(3), 707; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030707 - 09 Feb 2019
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3279
Abstract
Coprime arrays have shown potential advantages for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation by increasing the number of degrees-of-freedom in the difference coarray domain with fewer physical sensors. In this paper, a new DOA estimation algorithm for coprime array based on the estimation of signal parameter [...] Read more.
Coprime arrays have shown potential advantages for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation by increasing the number of degrees-of-freedom in the difference coarray domain with fewer physical sensors. In this paper, a new DOA estimation algorithm for coprime array based on the estimation of signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) is proposed. We firstly derive the observation vector of the virtual uniform linear array but the covariance matrix of this observation vector is rank-deficient. Different from the traditional Toeplitz matrix reconstruction method using the observation vector, we propose a modified Toeplitz matrix reconstruction method using any non-zero row of the covariance matrix in the virtual uniform linear array. It can be proved in theory that the reconstructed Toeplitz covariance matrix has full rank. Therefore, the improved ESPRIT method can be used for DOA estimation without peak searching. Finally, the closed-form solution for DOA estimation in coprime array is obtained. Compared to the traditional coprime multiple signal classification (MUSIC) methods, the proposed method circumvents the use of spatial smoothing technique, which usually results in performance degradation and heavy computational burden. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical examples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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18 pages, 2360 KiB  
Article
Design of Non-Uniform Antenna Arrays for Improved Near-Field MultiFocusing
by Rafael González-Ayestarán, Jana Álvarez and Fernando Las-Heras
Sensors 2019, 19(3), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030645 - 04 Feb 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4237
Abstract
An extended method for Near-Field Multifocusing on antenna arrays, including the optimization of the locations for the elements of the array, is proposed. Multifocusing is gaining attention in recent years due to the growth of applications such as Internet of Things, or 5G, [...] Read more.
An extended method for Near-Field Multifocusing on antenna arrays, including the optimization of the locations for the elements of the array, is proposed. Multifocusing is gaining attention in recent years due to the growth of applications such as Internet of Things, or 5G, where a wireless link between a number of sensors and devices must be established, and energy or interference must be managed efficiently. Multifocusing requirements may be addressed by optimizing the feeding weights that must be applied to the elements of an array, but the proposed methodology also optimizes their locations, increasing the degrees of freedom by allowing a non-uniform structure for the array, leading to more efficient structures or better compliance with the specifications. Some experiments are presented to validate the method, showing that it is able to determine the weights and mesh of the array to fulfill the requirements, both obtaining an arbitrary distribution of elements or following a predefined geometric model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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11 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Optimized Combination of Local Beams for Wireless Sensor Networks
by Semyoung Oh, Young-Dam Kim and Daejin Park
Sensors 2019, 19(3), 633; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030633 - 02 Feb 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2577
Abstract
This paper proposes an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal coherent combination candidates of distributed local beams in a wireless sensor network. The beams are generated from analog uniform linear arrays of nodes and headed toward the random directions due to the irregular [...] Read more.
This paper proposes an optimization algorithm to determine the optimal coherent combination candidates of distributed local beams in a wireless sensor network. The beams are generated from analog uniform linear arrays of nodes and headed toward the random directions due to the irregular surface where the nodes are mounted. Our algorithm is based on one of the meta-heuristic schemes (i.e., the single-objective simulated annealing) and designed to solve the objective of minimizing the average interference-to-noise ratio (INR) under the millimeter wave channel, which leads to the reduction of sidelobes. The simulation results show that synthesizing the beams on the given system can form a deterministic mainlobe with considerable and unpredictable sidelobes in undesired directions, and the proposed algorithm can decrease the average INR (i.e., the average improvement of 12.2 dB and 3.1 dB are observed in the directions of π 6 and 2 π 3 , respectively) significantly without the severe loss of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the desired direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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22 pages, 657 KiB  
Article
Tensor Approach to DOA Estimation of Coherent Signals with Electromagnetic Vector-Sensor Array
by Ming-Yang Cao, Xingpeng Mao, Xiaozhuan Long and Lei Huang
Sensors 2018, 18(12), 4320; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124320 - 07 Dec 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2707
Abstract
This paper addresses the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem using a uniform rectangular array with electromagnetic vector-sensors in correlated/coherent signal environments. The polarization information is separated from the steering matrix to decorrelate the signals. By developing a tensorial structured received measurements of the array, [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem using a uniform rectangular array with electromagnetic vector-sensors in correlated/coherent signal environments. The polarization information is separated from the steering matrix to decorrelate the signals. By developing a tensorial structured received measurements of the array, we propose a tensor-based eigenvector DOA estimation method. Then we apply the forward-backward averaging to the tensor since it obeys the centro-Hermitian structure. In addition, a tensor-based polarization parameters estimation method is presented. The proposed algorithms are superior to the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of estimation accuracy of coherent signals while only demand a modest computation burden comparing with the latter ones. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods under different scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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19 pages, 3725 KiB  
Article
A Fast Calibration Method for Phased Arrays by Using the Graph Coloring Theory
by Lijie Yang, Ruirui Dang, Min Li, Kailong Zhao, Chunyi Song and Zhiwei Xu
Sensors 2018, 18(12), 4315; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18124315 - 07 Dec 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5017
Abstract
Phased array radars are able to provide highly accurate airplane surveillance and tracking performance if they are properly calibrated. However, the ambient temperature variation and device aging could greatly deteriorate their performance. Currently, performing a calibration over a large-scale phased array with thousands [...] Read more.
Phased array radars are able to provide highly accurate airplane surveillance and tracking performance if they are properly calibrated. However, the ambient temperature variation and device aging could greatly deteriorate their performance. Currently, performing a calibration over a large-scale phased array with thousands of antennas is time-consuming. To facilitate the process, we propose a fast calibration method for phased arrays with omnidirectional radiation patterns based on the graph coloring theory. This method transforms the calibration problem into a coloring problem that aims at minimizing the number of used colors. By reusing the calibration time slots spatially, more than one omnidirectional antenna can perform calibration simultaneously. The simulation proves this method can prominently reduce total calibration time and recover the radiation pattern from amplitude and phase errors and noise. It is worth noting that the total calibration time consumed by the proposed method remains constant and is negligible compared with other calibration methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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18 pages, 1964 KiB  
Article
Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Incoherently Distributed Sources with Uniform Rectangular Arrays
by Tao Wu, Zhenghong Deng, Yiwen Li and Yijie Huang
Sensors 2018, 18(11), 3600; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18113600 - 23 Oct 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3666
Abstract
Aiming at the two-dimensional (2D) incoherently distributed (ID) sources, we explore a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm based on uniform rectangular arrays (URA). By means of Taylor series expansion of steering vector, rotational invariance relations with regard to nominal azimuth and nominal elevation between [...] Read more.
Aiming at the two-dimensional (2D) incoherently distributed (ID) sources, we explore a direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm based on uniform rectangular arrays (URA). By means of Taylor series expansion of steering vector, rotational invariance relations with regard to nominal azimuth and nominal elevation between subarrays are deduced under the assumption of small angular spreads and small sensors distance firstly; then received signal vectors can be described by generalized steering matrices and generalized signal vectors; thus, an estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) like algorithm is proposed to estimate nominal elevation and nominal azimuth respectively using covariance matrices of constructed subarrays. Angle matching method is proposed by virtue of Capon principle lastly. The proposed method can estimate multiple 2D ID sources without spectral searching and without information of angular power distribution function of sources. Investigating different SNR, sources with different angular power density functions, sources in boundary region, distance between sensors and number of sources, simulations are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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15 pages, 398 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Beamforming Applied to OFDM Systems
by Tiago F. B. De Sousa, Dalton S. Arantes and Marcelo A. C. Fernandes
Sensors 2018, 18(10), 3558; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103558 - 20 Oct 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2925
Abstract
This work proposes an adaptive beamforming scheme applied to time domain, pre-FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This scheme improves the performance and the capacity of OFDM systems, using a supervised adaptive algorithm, with frequency domain multiplexed pilots of the [...] Read more.
This work proposes an adaptive beamforming scheme applied to time domain, pre-FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. This scheme improves the performance and the capacity of OFDM systems, using a supervised adaptive algorithm, with frequency domain multiplexed pilots of the OFDM system as a reference. The simplicity of the proposed structure, as well as the method used to obtain reference signals for the adaptive beamforming, are essential aspects that distinguish this paper from other publications. Details on the operation of the proposed scheme, as well as the performance curves, are presented in this manuscript. The proposal investigated here allows a significant reduction in the guard interval of the OFDM system, thereby increasing its robustness or transmission capacity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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11 pages, 1367 KiB  
Article
DOA Estimation for Coprime Linear Array Based on MI-ESPRIT and Lookup Table
by Weike Zhang, Xi Chen, Kaibo Cui, Tao Xie and Naichang Yuan
Sensors 2018, 18(9), 3043; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18093043 - 12 Sep 2018
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3471
Abstract
In order to improve the angle measurement performance of a coprime linear array, this paper proposes a novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for a coprime linear array based on the multiple invariance estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (MI-ESPRIT) and a [...] Read more.
In order to improve the angle measurement performance of a coprime linear array, this paper proposes a novel direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for a coprime linear array based on the multiple invariance estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (MI-ESPRIT) and a lookup table method. The proposed algorithm does not require a spatial spectrum search and uses a lookup table to solve ambiguity, which reduces the computational complexity. To fully use the subarray elements, the DOA estimation precision is higher compared with existing algorithms. Moreover, the algorithm avoids the matching error when multiple signals exist by using the relationship between the signal subspace of two subarrays. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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14 pages, 1920 KiB  
Article
Tensor-Based Angle Estimation Approach for Strictly Noncircular Sources with Unknown Mutual Coupling in Bistatic MIMO Radar
by Yuehao Guo, Xianpeng Wang, Wensi Wang, Mengxing Huang, Chong Shen, Chunjie Cao and Guoan Bi
Sensors 2018, 18(9), 2788; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092788 - 24 Aug 2018
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2531
Abstract
In the paper, the estimation of joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) for strictly noncircular targets in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with unknown mutual coupling is considered, and a tensor-based angle estimation method is proposed. In the proposed method, making use of the [...] Read more.
In the paper, the estimation of joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) for strictly noncircular targets in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with unknown mutual coupling is considered, and a tensor-based angle estimation method is proposed. In the proposed method, making use of the banded symmetric Toeplitz structure of the mutual coupling matrix, the influence of the unknown mutual coupling is removed in the tensor domain. Then, a special enhancement tensor is formulated to capture both the noncircularity and inherent multidimensional structure of strictly noncircular signals. After that, the higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) technology is applied for estimating the tensor-based signal subspace. Finally, the direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is obtained by utilizing the rotational invariance technique. Due to the use of both noncircularity and multidimensional structure of the detected signal, the algorithm in this paper has better angle estimation performance than other subspace-based algorithms. The experiment results verify that the method proposed has better angle estimation performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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10 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Reduced Dimension Based Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation with Full DOFs for Generalized Co-Prime Planar Arrays
by Fenggang Sun, Peng Lan and Guowei Zhang
Sensors 2018, 18(6), 1725; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18061725 - 27 May 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2842
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for generalized co-prime planar arrays. The classic multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based methods can provide a superior estimation performance, but suffer from a tremendous computational burden caused by the 2D spectral [...] Read more.
In this paper, we investigate the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for generalized co-prime planar arrays. The classic multiple signal classification (MUSIC)-based methods can provide a superior estimation performance, but suffer from a tremendous computational burden caused by the 2D spectral search. To this end, we reduce the 2D problem into a one-dimensional (1D) one and propose a reduced dimension partial spectral search estimation method, which can compress the search region into a small 1D sector. Moreover, the proposed method can utilize the full information of the entire array without degrees-of-freedom loss. Furthermore, an iterative approach is also proposed to reduce complexity and improve performance. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can provide improved performance with substantially reduced complexity, as compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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15 pages, 3967 KiB  
Article
Polarization Smoothing Generalized MUSIC Algorithm with Polarization Sensitive Array for Low Angle Estimation
by Jun Tan and Zaiping Nie
Sensors 2018, 18(5), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051534 - 12 May 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3587
Abstract
Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of low-altitude targets is difficult due to the multipath coherent interference from the ground reflection image of the targets, especially for very high frequency (VHF) radars, which have antennae that are severely restricted in terms of aperture and [...] Read more.
Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation of low-altitude targets is difficult due to the multipath coherent interference from the ground reflection image of the targets, especially for very high frequency (VHF) radars, which have antennae that are severely restricted in terms of aperture and height. The polarization smoothing generalized multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, which combines polarization smoothing and generalized MUSIC algorithm for polarization sensitive arrays (PSAs), was proposed to solve this problem in this paper. Firstly, the polarization smoothing pre-processing was exploited to eliminate the coherence between the direct and the specular signals. Secondly, we constructed the generalized MUSIC algorithm for low angle estimation. Finally, based on the geometry information of the symmetry multipath model, the proposed algorithm was introduced to convert the two-dimensional searching into one-dimensional searching, thus reducing the computational burden. Numerical results were provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing that the proposed algorithm has significantly improved angle estimation performance in the low-angle area compared with the available methods, especially when the grazing angle is near zero. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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17 pages, 5085 KiB  
Article
Direct Position Determination of Multiple Non-Circular Sources with a Moving Coprime Array
by Yankui Zhang, Bin Ba, Daming Wang, Wei Geng and Haiyun Xu
Sensors 2018, 18(5), 1479; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051479 - 08 May 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3354
Abstract
Direct position determination (DPD) is currently a hot topic in wireless localization research as it is more accurate than traditional two-step positioning. However, current DPD algorithms are all based on uniform arrays, which have an insufficient degree of freedom and limited estimation accuracy. [...] Read more.
Direct position determination (DPD) is currently a hot topic in wireless localization research as it is more accurate than traditional two-step positioning. However, current DPD algorithms are all based on uniform arrays, which have an insufficient degree of freedom and limited estimation accuracy. To improve the DPD accuracy, this paper introduces a coprime array to the position model of multiple non-circular sources with a moving array. To maximize the advantages of this coprime array, we reconstruct the covariance matrix by vectorization, apply a spatial smoothing technique, and converge the subspace data from each measuring position to establish the cost function. Finally, we obtain the position coordinates of the multiple non-circular sources. The complexity of the proposed method is computed and compared with that of other methods, and the Cramer–Rao lower bound of DPD for multiple sources with a moving coprime array, is derived. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is not only applicable to circular sources, but can also improve the positioning accuracy of non-circular sources. Compared with existing two-step positioning algorithms and DPD algorithms based on uniform linear arrays, the proposed technique offers a significant improvement in positioning accuracy with a slight increase in complexity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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22 pages, 4868 KiB  
Article
Nonlinear Blind Compensation for Array Signal Processing Application
by Jialu Huang, Hong Ma, Jiang Jin and Hua Zhang
Sensors 2018, 18(4), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18041286 - 22 Apr 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3888
Abstract
Recently, nonlinear blind compensation technique has attracted growing attention in array signal processing application. However, due to the nonlinear distortion stemming from array receiver which consists of multi-channel radio frequency (RF) front-ends, it is too difficult to estimate the parameters of array signal [...] Read more.
Recently, nonlinear blind compensation technique has attracted growing attention in array signal processing application. However, due to the nonlinear distortion stemming from array receiver which consists of multi-channel radio frequency (RF) front-ends, it is too difficult to estimate the parameters of array signal accurately. A novel nonlinear blind compensation algorithm aims at the nonlinearity mitigation of array receiver and its spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) improvement, which will be more precise to estimate the parameters of target signals such as their two-dimensional directions of arrival (2-D DOAs). Herein, the suggested method is designed as follows: the nonlinear model parameters of any channel of RF front-end are extracted to synchronously compensate the nonlinear distortion of the entire receiver. Furthermore, a verification experiment on the array signal from a uniform circular array (UCA) is adopted to testify the validity of our approach. The real-world experimental results show that the SFDR of the receiver is enhanced, leading to a significant improvement of the 2-D DOAs estimation performance for weak target signals. And these results demonstrate that our nonlinear blind compensation algorithm is effective to estimate the parameters of weak array signal in concomitance with strong jammers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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Review

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31 pages, 10638 KiB  
Review
Review of Recent Phased Arrays for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication
by Aqeel Hussain Naqvi and Sungjoon Lim
Sensors 2018, 18(10), 3194; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103194 - 21 Sep 2018
Cited by 114 | Viewed by 15557
Abstract
Owing to the rapid growth in wireless data traffic, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications have shown tremendous promise and are considered an attractive technique in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, to design robust communication systems, it is important to understand the channel dynamics with [...] Read more.
Owing to the rapid growth in wireless data traffic, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications have shown tremendous promise and are considered an attractive technique in fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, to design robust communication systems, it is important to understand the channel dynamics with respect to space and time at these frequencies. Millimeter-wave signals are highly susceptible to blocking, and they have communication limitations owing to their poor signal attenuation compared with microwave signals. Therefore, by employing highly directional antennas, co-channel interference to or from other systems can be alleviated using line-of-sight (LOS) propagation. Because of the ability to shape, switch, or scan the propagating beam, phased arrays play an important role in advanced wireless communication systems. Beam-switching, beam-scanning, and multibeam arrays can be realized at mm-wave frequencies using analog or digital system architectures. This review article presents state-of-the-art phased arrays for mm-wave mobile terminals (MSs) and base stations (BSs), with an emphasis on beamforming arrays. We also discuss challenges and strategies used to address unfavorable path loss and blockage issues related to mm-wave applications, which sets future directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Array Processing for Wireless Applications)
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