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Symmetry
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Symmetry in Process Optimization
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Symmetry in Process Optimization

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 6534

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aleksandar Djordjevic

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
Interests: genetic algorithms; optimization; process management; databases; machine learning
Prof. Dr. Miladin Stefanović

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Kragujevac, Sestre Janjic 6, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia
Interests: quality; information systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue, “Symmetry in Process Optimization”, aims to explore the pervasive role of symmetry principles in advancing optimization techniques across diverse scientific domains. With a focus on the integration of machine learning and optimization methodologies, this Special Issue seeks to elucidate how symmetry considerations can enhance algorithmic efficiency, model robustness, and solution quality in various application areas. By fostering interdisciplinary dialogue, this collection will illuminate novel approaches for tackling complex optimization problems in fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and beyond. Through theoretical analyses, algorithm development, and real-world case studies, this issue aims to showcase the transformative potential of symmetry-aware optimization techniques in addressing contemporary scientific challenges.

Dr. Aleksandar Djordjevic
Prof. Dr. Miladin Stefanović
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symmetry
  • process optimization
  • machine learning
  • optimization methods
  • interdisciplinary
  • algorithm efficiency
  • model robustness
  • solution quality
  • engineering
  • physics
  • chemistry
  • medecine

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 6201 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Qualitative Indicators of the Machined Surface in Symmetrical Machining of TS by WEDM Technology
by Ľuboslav Straka
Symmetry 2025, 17(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020229 - 5 Feb 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
Current approaches in the process of evaluating the quality of the machined surface during wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) generally do not include the assessment of micro- and macro-geometric indicators of both parts of the cut. In practice, however, there are specific cases [...] Read more.
Current approaches in the process of evaluating the quality of the machined surface during wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) generally do not include the assessment of micro- and macro-geometric indicators of both parts of the cut. In practice, however, there are specific cases when it is necessary to use both halves of the cut. In such cases, it is necessary to choose a special approach not only in the machining process but also when evaluating the quality indicators of the machined surface. Therefore, experimental measurements were aimed at the identification of these micro- and macro-geometrical indicators in symmetrical WEDM. Within them, qualitative indicators of flat and curved surfaces were assessed. The identification of individual characteristics was carried out using Suftes, Roundtest Mitutoyo, and a 3D coordinate measuring device. The design of the experiment followed the full DoE factorial design method, and the obtained results were processed using the Taguchi method. Based on the obtained results, the response of macro and micro-geometric parameters was characterized by means of multiple regression models (MRM) in symmetrically machined surfaces of tool steel EN X37CrMoV5-1 (Bohdan Bolzano, Kladno, ČR) by WEDM technology. They revealed the mutual dependence of the output qualitative indicators of the eroded area on the input variables’ main technological parameters (MTP). Subsequent multi-parameter optimization resulted in a suitable level of setting of the MTP input variable parameters I, ton, U, and toff (9 A, 32 μs, 15 μs, and 70 V), through which the greatest agreement of macro and micro-geometric output indicators of symmetrically machined surfaces can be achieved. By applying the optimized levels of MTP settings for symmetrical WEDM of tool steel EN X37CrMoV5-1, their agreement was achieved at the level of 95%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Process Optimization)
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31 pages, 8308 KiB  
Article
Topology Optimization, Part Orientation, and Symmetry Operations as Elements of a Framework for Design and Production Planning Process in Additive Manufacturing L-PBF Technology
by Slobodan Malbašić, Aleksandar Đorđević, Srđan Živković, Dragan Džunić and Vlada Sokolović
Symmetry 2024, 16(12), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121616 - 6 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 812
Abstract
This paper investigates the possibility of the application of different optimization techniques in the design and production planning phase in the metal additive manufacturing process, specifically laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive technology. This technology has a significant market share and belongs to [...] Read more.
This paper investigates the possibility of the application of different optimization techniques in the design and production planning phase in the metal additive manufacturing process, specifically laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive technology. This technology has a significant market share and belongs to the group of mature additive technology for the production of end-use metal parts. In the application of this technology, there is a space for additional cost/time reduction by simultaneously optimizing topology structure and part orientations. Simultaneous optimization reduces the production time and, indirectly, the cost of parts production, which is the goal of effective process planning. The novelty in this paper is the comparison of the part orientation solutions defined by the software algorithm and the experienced operator, where the optimal result was selected from the aspect of time and production costs. A feature recognition method together with symmetry operations in the part orientation process were also examined. A framework for the optimal additive manufacturing planning process has been proposed. This framework consists of design and production planning phases, within which there are several other activities: the redesign of the part, topological optimization, the creation of alternative build orientations (ABOs), and, as a final step, the selection of the optimal build orientation (OBO) using the multi-criteria decision method (MCDM). The results obtained after the MCDM hybrid method application clearly indicated that simultaneous topology optimization and part orientation has significant influence on the cost and time of the additive manufacturing process. The paper also proposed a further research direction that should take into consideration the mechanical as well as geometric, dimensioning and tolerances (GDT) characteristics of the part during the process of ABOs and OBO, as well as the uses of symmetry in these fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Process Optimization)
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28 pages, 949 KiB  
Article
Application of a Fractional Order PI Controller for a Speed Servo Drive Control
by Pavol Bistak, Igor Bélai, Igor Bélai, Jr., Damir Vrancic and Mikulas Huba
Symmetry 2024, 16(11), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111543 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 792
Abstract
This paper deals with the tuning of the parameters of a fractional-order PI controller for the speed control of an electric servo drive in which the torque is set by a torque generator. The controller parameters are tuned using the multiple dominant pole [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the tuning of the parameters of a fractional-order PI controller for the speed control of an electric servo drive in which the torque is set by a torque generator. The controller parameters are tuned using the multiple dominant pole method (MDPM), while the fractional order integrator is approximated by the Oustaloup method. The input parameters required for tuning the controller using MDPM are calculated using the optimization algorithm presented in this paper. This algorithm selects the optimal parameters from a set of points in three-dimensional space, based on the symmetry around a central point. The controller tuning is performed for the normalized control loop model. The obtained optimized normalized fractional order PI controller can then be applied to a real servo drive with specific parameters. The proposed tuning was also verified experimentally, comparing the obtained closed-loop responses with those of the integer-order PI controller. Both simulation and experimental results showed a significant reduction in the integral of the absolute error at the disturbance step compared to a control loop using an integer-order PI controller. This results in a faster output response to load torque steps and a smaller control error in a real servo drive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Process Optimization)
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22 pages, 3117 KiB  
Article
Symmetry-Optimized Dynamical Analysis of Optical Soliton Patterns in the Flexibly Supported Euler–Bernoulli Beam Equation: A Semi-Analytical Solution Approach
by Muhammad Umer and Paweł Olejnik
Symmetry 2024, 16(7), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16070849 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1183
Abstract
This study employs spatial optimization principles to investigate the nonlinear vibration of a flexibly supported Euler–Bernoulli beam, a (1 + 1)-dimensional system subjected to axial loads. The modified Khater method, a crucial tool in mechanical engineering, is utilized to analyze analytical solutions, which [...] Read more.
This study employs spatial optimization principles to investigate the nonlinear vibration of a flexibly supported Euler–Bernoulli beam, a (1 + 1)-dimensional system subjected to axial loads. The modified Khater method, a crucial tool in mechanical engineering, is utilized to analyze analytical solutions, which include a symmetric spatial representation of the waveform as an integral part of each solution. Notably, periodic soliton solutions for the nonlinear model closely align with numerical and approximate analytical solutions, demonstrating the accuracy of our modeling approach. Density diagrams, contour diagrams, and Poincaré maps depicting the obtained analytical solutions are presented to elucidate their accuracy and provide visual confirmation of the optimized engineering model’s physical significance. The planar dynamical system is derived through the Galilean transformation by employing mathematical models and appropriate parameter values, thereby further refining problem understanding. Sensitivity analysis is conducted, and phase portraits with equilibrium points are illustrated by analyzing a special case of the investigated dynamical system, emphasizing its symmetrical properties. Lastly, we perform a global analysis to identify periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors, with an extra weak forcing term confirmed by Poincaré maps and a two-dimensional symmetric basin of the largest Lyapunov exponent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Process Optimization)
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15 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
A Symmetric Multiprocessor System-on-a-Chip-Based Solution for Real-Time Image Dehazing
by Dat Ngo and Bongsoon Kang
Symmetry 2024, 16(6), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060653 - 25 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1127
Abstract
The acquisition of digital images is susceptible to haze, and images captured under such adverse conditions may impact high-level applications designed for clean input data. Image dehazing emerges as a practical solution to this problem, as it can be employed to pre-process images [...] Read more.
The acquisition of digital images is susceptible to haze, and images captured under such adverse conditions may impact high-level applications designed for clean input data. Image dehazing emerges as a practical solution to this problem, as it can be employed to pre-process images immediately after acquisition. This paper presents a concise review of impactful algorithms, including those based on deep learning models, to identify the existing gap in real-time processing capabilities. Subsequently, a real-time dehazing system on a multiprocessor system-on-a-chip (MPSoC) platform is introduced to bridge this gap. The proposed system balances the trade-off between dehazing performance and computational complexity; hence, the name “Symmetric” is coined. Additionally, the entire system is implemented in programmable logic and wrapped by an interface circuit supporting double-buffering, rendering it highly suitable for seamless integration into existing camera systems. Implementation results on a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU106 Evaluation Kit demonstrate a maximum operating frequency of 356.51 MHz, equivalent to a maximum processing speed of 40.27 frames per second for DCI 4K resolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Process Optimization)
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20 pages, 674 KiB  
Article
On Maximum Guaranteed Payoff in a Fuzzy Matrix Decision-Making Problem with a Fuzzy Set of States
by Svajone Bekesiene and Serhii Mashchenko
Symmetry 2024, 16(5), 510; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16050510 - 23 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1032
Abstract
The current study delves into a fuzzy matrix decision-making problem involving fuzzy sets of states. It establishes that a maximum guaranteed payoff constitutes a type-2 fuzzy set defined on the real line. Additionally, it provides the associated type-2 membership function. Moreover, the paper [...] Read more.
The current study delves into a fuzzy matrix decision-making problem involving fuzzy sets of states. It establishes that a maximum guaranteed payoff constitutes a type-2 fuzzy set defined on the real line. Additionally, it provides the associated type-2 membership function. Moreover, the paper illustrates that the maximum guaranteed payoff type-2 fuzzy set of the decision-making problem can be broken down, based on the secondary membership grades, into a finite collection of fuzzy numbers. Each of these fuzzy numbers represents the maximum guaranteed payoff of the corresponding decision-making problem with a crisp set of states. This set corresponds to a specific cut of the original fuzzy set of states. Some properties of the maximum guaranteed payoff type-2 fuzzy set are investigated, and illustrative examples are provided. Since the problem formulation is symmetrical with respect to alternatives and states of nature, the results obtained can be used in the case of a fuzzy set of alternatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Process Optimization)
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