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Toxics
Special Issues
Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants
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Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecotoxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2023) | Viewed by 10979

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yuxin Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: marine pollutants; marine environmental chemistry; ecological risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The pollution of marine environments by human activities has become an increasingly serious issue. A large number of pollutants raise grave concerns for the health of both marine ecosystems and humans, via the consumption of contaminated seafood. It is of great significance to explore the occurrence, fate, bioaccumulation and biomagnification of marine pollutants and to evaluate the ecological risk of pollutants for protecting the marine environment and promoting the sustainable development of the ocean.

In this Special Issue, we aim to focus on various marine pollutants, particularly those that pose a threat to the environment and human health. Relevant research can focus on the occurrence, fate and transport process of marine pollutants, as well as the assessment of environmental effects and ecological risks of pollutants. Authors are welcome to submit original research articles, reviews, viewpoints and short communications.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Yuxin Sun
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine pollutants
  • marine environmental behavior
  • marine environmental chemistry
  • marine pollution control
  • ecological risk assessment

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

19 pages, 6178 KiB  
Article
Effects of Discarded Masks on the Offshore Microorganisms during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Jinlan Liao, Shouping Ji and Yulang Chi
Toxics 2022, 10(8), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080426 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2148
Abstract
Numerous disposable plastic masks had been produced and used for preventing the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic effectively. Discarded masks are a potential source of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems. The effect of discarded masks on offshore microorganisms is still unclear. Herein, we profiled the [...] Read more.
Numerous disposable plastic masks had been produced and used for preventing the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic effectively. Discarded masks are a potential source of microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems. The effect of discarded masks on offshore microorganisms is still unclear. Herein, we profiled the interaction between the microplastics released by discarded masks and marine microbes. The effects of mask quantity, time, and environment on the microplastic-related communities were determined. We characterized the bacterial communities of each group using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing and correlated the community diversity to the physicochemical properties of seawater. We found that the diversity and richness of microflora on the surface of microplastics with different quantity and time varied significantly. Proteobacteria are the main bacteria on microplastics, and the KEGG metabolic pathway prediction shows that amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were abundant. In addition, there was a correlation between bacterial communities and Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO). We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques to evaluate the plastic polymer characteristics of disposable medical masks. Our research shows that disposable medical masks immersed in seawater can alter the microbial community. This study provides the most recent data and insights into the contamination of discarded masks in the marine environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
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12 pages, 1135 KiB  
Article
Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments from Wetlands Invaded by Spartina alterniflora in the Yellow River Delta
by Zaiwang Zhang, Tongrui Zhang, Wenhao Yu, Jikun Xu, Jialiang Li, Tao Wu, Suzhe Liu, Haiyang Wang, Yuxia Wang, Shuai Shang and Aiguo Lin
Toxics 2022, 10(7), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070374 - 4 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1460
Abstract
Heavy metals are major pollutants that pose threats to wetland environments. In the present study, surface sediments from wetlands vegetated by invasive species Spartina alterniflora in the Yellow River Delta were collected and determined for the mass fractions of Co, Ni, As, Cd [...] Read more.
Heavy metals are major pollutants that pose threats to wetland environments. In the present study, surface sediments from wetlands vegetated by invasive species Spartina alterniflora in the Yellow River Delta were collected and determined for the mass fractions of Co, Ni, As, Cd and Pb. Results showed mass fractions of Co, Ni, As, Cd and Pb in the sediments of the S. alterniflora communities ranged from 8.5 to 16.0, 13.9–27.9, 3.2–13.8, 0.08–0.24, and 17.6–37.5 mg/kg dw, respectively, generally presenting an order of Pb > Ni > Co > As > Cd. The levels of heavy metals in sediments in the S. alterniflora communities were higher than those in the wetland vegetated by the native plant species Suaeda heteroptera. Correlations among metal elements were highly significant, suggesting that they might have the same sources. Clay and TOC were important factors affecting the spatial distribution of metals. The Igeo values of the investigated elements in the sediments were frequently lower than 0, revealing the slight pollution status of these metals. Relatively slight values of Eri and RI suggested that the potential ecological risks caused by the 5 metals were low. Our findings could provide a better understanding of the correlation between metal pollution and bio-invasion in wetland ecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
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11 pages, 1207 KiB  
Communication
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in Biota from Qilianyu Island, South China Sea
by Qingling Wang, Chenmin Xie, Chuyue Long, Weiyan Yang, Yan Wang, Weihai Xu, Li Zhang and Yuxin Sun
Toxics 2022, 10(6), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060324 - 14 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1489
Abstract
Six biota species were collected from Qilianyu Island, South China Sea to determine the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs). Concentrations of ΣPCBs and ΣDDTs in biota from Qilianyu Island ranged from 6.88 to 519.1 ng/g [...] Read more.
Six biota species were collected from Qilianyu Island, South China Sea to determine the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs). Concentrations of ΣPCBs and ΣDDTs in biota from Qilianyu Island ranged from 6.88 to 519.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and 7.0 to 19,413 ng/g lw, respectively. Significant differences for PCBs and DDTs concentrations were found among the six biota species from Qilianyu Island. The levels of PCBs and DDTs in intermediate egret were significantly higher than the other five biota species, which can be attributed to their different feeding and living habits. Significantly negative relationships between concentrations of PCBs and DDTs and δ13C values in the six biota species confirmed that dietary source is an important factor to determine the levels of PCBs and DDTs in biota species. ΣPCBs, ΣDDTs, PCB 28/31, PCB 52, and p,p′-DDE were biomagnified in the biota species from Qilianyu Island, and native species are suitable for studying the biomagnification of the contaminants. The toxic equivalent concentrations in birds from Qilianyu Island were significantly and positively correlated with PCBs concentrations, indicating that high concentrations of non- and mono-ortho-PCB congeners may induce adverse effects on bird species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
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Review

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17 pages, 356 KiB  
Review
A Review of Hydroxylated and Methoxylated Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Marine Environments
by Ying Zhang, Yi Li, Sijia Li, He Huang, Yezi Chen and Xutao Wang
Toxics 2022, 10(12), 751; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120751 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) are present in the marine environment worldwide. Both OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs are known natural products, whereas OH-PBDEs may also be metabolites of PBDEs. There is growing concern regarding OH-PBDEs as these compounds [...] Read more.
Hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) are present in the marine environment worldwide. Both OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs are known natural products, whereas OH-PBDEs may also be metabolites of PBDEs. There is growing concern regarding OH-PBDEs as these compounds seem to be biological active than PBDEs. In the present study, we reviewed the available data on the contamination of OH/MeO-PBDEs in the marine environment worldwide, including seawater, marine sediment, marine plants, invertebrates, fish, seabirds and mammals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of OH/MeO-PBDEs in the marine food web were summarized as well. This study also proposes the future research of OH/MeO-PBDEs, including the production and the synthesis pathway of OH/MeO-PBDEs, the toxicokinetics of OH/MeO-PBDEs and the toxicology and human exposure risk assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
12 pages, 528 KiB  
Review
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Hexabromocyclododecane in Marine Biota from China: A Review
by Ying Zhang, Sijia Li, Yafeng Zhang, Yezi Chen, Xutao Wang and Yuxin Sun
Toxics 2022, 10(10), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100620 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2131
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants for its persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, and pose significant adverse effects on natural environments and human health. HBCDs are ubiquitously found in marine environments worldwide and can be [...] Read more.
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants for its persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity, and pose significant adverse effects on natural environments and human health. HBCDs are ubiquitously found in marine environments worldwide and can be biomagnified in marine organisms with a high trophic level. In the present study, we reviewed the available data on contamination of HBCDs in the marine biota from China, including mollusks, crustaceans, fish and mammals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of HBCDs in the marine food web were summarized as well. This study also prospected the future research of HBCDs, including the transport and fluxes of HBCDs to and within the marine environment, the biomagnification of HBCDs in different ecosystems, and the metabolism of HBCDs in different marine species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
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Other

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15 pages, 3025 KiB  
Case Report
Distribution, Multi-Index Assessment, and Sources of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Zhelin Bay, a Typical Mariculture Area in Southern China
by Yan-Jie Han, Rui-Ze Liang, Hai-Song Li, Yang-Guang Gu, Shi-Jun Jiang and Xiang-Tian Man
Toxics 2023, 11(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11020150 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1568
Abstract
The occurrence, multi-index assessment, and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were investigated. Average heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) were 81.89 (Cr), 770.76 (Mn), 16.81 (Co), 62.25 (Ni), 96.30 (Cu), 162.04 (Zn), and 73.40 (Pb), with the concentrations of studied [...] Read more.
The occurrence, multi-index assessment, and sources of heavy metals in surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were investigated. Average heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) were 81.89 (Cr), 770.76 (Mn), 16.81 (Co), 62.25 (Ni), 96.30 (Cu), 162.04 (Zn), and 73.40 (Pb), with the concentrations of studied seven heavy metals being significantly higher than their corresponding background values. Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) were implemented to assess degree of heavy metal contamination. The Igeo and PLI indicated that Cr, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb were slightly polluted, and Cu and Ni were moderately polluted in the region. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and mean possible effect level (PEL) quotient were conducted to assess ecological risk. The RI and mean PEL quotient demonstrated that surface sediments of Zhelin Bay were slight ecological risks and exhibited a 21% probability of toxicity. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the correlation analysis (CA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HAC) revealed that the heavy metal contamination in Zhelin Bay might originate from three type sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occurrence, Fate and Transport of Marine Pollutants)
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