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TropicalMed
Special Issues
Advances In Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Challenges and Future Perspective
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Advances In Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Challenges and Future Perspective

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 2160

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kashaf Junaid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; bacterial epidemiology; infectious diseases
Dr. Hasan Ejaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; molecular epidemiology; infectious diseases; host–bacteria relationship

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern that has the potential to harm individuals and communities significantly. In October 2020, the WHO announced the top ten global public health threats facing humanity, and AMR was one of them. By 2050, AMR is expected to kill 10 million people per year and push up to 24 million into extreme poverty. The management and control of bacterial infections have been hampered by the spread of bacterial resistance. Concurrently with the rising prevalence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, the discovery of new antibiotics has steadily declined. Despite increased attention from scientists to AMR, the overall situation is deteriorating. Many bacterial infections are treated empirically, with a standard antibiotic being prescribed by a doctor. Antibiotic resistance profiles are becoming increasingly important prior to the start of patient treatment. As a result, efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) must continue, and new strategies and interventions must be developed.

This Special Issue will focus on the most recent advances in the field of antimicrobial resistance, including current challenges and prospects. The issue will cover a variety of topics, such as the epidemiology and clinical implications of antimicrobial resistance, the mechanisms underlying resistance development, and the development of novel antimicrobial therapy approaches using artificial intelligence.

Contributors to this Special Issue will include leading experts in the field who will provide in-depth insights into the most recent advances in antimicrobial resistance research. We welcome the submission of original research, reviews, clinical trials, case reports and brief research report articles.

Dr. Kashaf Junaid
Dr. Hasan Ejaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • drug resistance
  • antimicrobial resistance prediction
  • infectious diseases

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1471 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Beta-Lactamase and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Yola, Nigeria
by Diane E. Kawa, Isabella A. Tickler, Fred C. Tenover and Shuwaram A. Shettima
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(11), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8110500 - 16 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1699
Abstract
Infections due to antimicrobial resistant gram-negative bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. To elucidate the molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria, we characterized beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates [...] Read more.
Infections due to antimicrobial resistant gram-negative bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. To elucidate the molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacteria, we characterized beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates collected from November 2017 to February 2018 (Period 1) and October 2021 to January 2022 (Period 2) in a tertiary medical center in north-eastern Nigeria. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify sequence types and resistance determinants in 52 non-duplicate, phenotypically resistant isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using broth microdilution and modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion methods. Twenty sequence types (STs) were identified among isolates from both periods using WGS, with increased strain diversity observed in Period 2. Common ESBL genes identified included blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Notably, 50% of the E. coli in Period 2 harbored either blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-1 4 and phenotypically produced ESBLs. The blaNDM-7 and blaVIM-5 metallo-beta-lactamase genes were dominant in E. coli and P. aeruginosa in Period 1, but in Period 2, only K. pneumoniae contained blaNDM-7, while blaNDM-1 was predominant in P. aeruginosa. The overall rate of fluoroquinolone resistance was 77% in Period 1 but decreased to 47.8% in Period 2. Various plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were identified in both periods, including aac(6′)-Ib-cr, oqxA/oqxB, qnrA1, qnrB1, qnrB6, qnrB18, qnrVC1, as well as mutations in the chromosomal gyrA, parC and parE genes. One E. coli isolate in Period 2, which was phenotypically multidrug resistant, had ESBL blaCTX-M-15, the serine carbapenemase, blaOXA-181 and mutations in the gyrA gene. The co-existence of beta-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance markers observed in this study is consistent with widespread use of these antimicrobial agents in Nigeria. The presence of multidrug resistant isolates is concerning and highlights the importance of continued surveillance to support antimicrobial stewardship programs and curb the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances In Antimicrobial Resistance: Current Challenges and Future Perspective)
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