The Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HBV

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 August 2023) | Viewed by 2810

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
Interests: prevention and control of hepatitis B; addressing vaccine hesitancy.

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Interests: viral hepatitis; viral hepatitis elimination; eliminating mother-to-child transmission; hepatitis B vaccination

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2016–2021, aimed to eliminate viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. The strategy called on all WHO-member countries to invest in five interventions, one of which was aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This intervention included providing universal hepatitis B vaccination (Hep B) to newborns within 24 hours of birth, together with routine antenatal screening and antiviral treatment of HBV-positive pregnant women. With only 38% of newborns globally in 2015 having received a timely HepB birth dose, the WHO set ambitious 2020 and 2030 coverage targets of 50% and 90%, respectively. However, the 2020 target was not met, and in 2021 only 42% of newborns globally had received a timely Hep B birth dose. Nevertheless, in 2022, the WHO added another ambitious coverage target of 70% to be reached by 2025, and retained the 2030 target of 90% coverage. By focusing on the prevention of vertical transmission of HBV in this Special Issue, we aim to support the WHO in reaching these ambitious targets to eliminate hepatitis B by 2030. We encourage authors to submit reviews, meta-analyses, and original research, providing much-needed evidence for Ministries of Health to justify the introduction of (a) universal Hep B vaccination within 24 hours of birth, and (b) routine antenatal screening and antiviral treatment of HBV-positive pregnant women.

Prof. Dr. Rosemary Joyce Burnett
Prof. Dr. Mark Wayne Sonderup
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • prevalence of vertical transmission of HBV
  • cost-effectiveness of interventions preventing vertical transmission of HBV
  • hep B birth-dose coverage
  • antenatal HBV screening coverage
  • prevalence of HBV mono-infection in pregnant women
  • prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection in pregnant women
  • treatment of HBV mono-infection in pregnant women
  • treatment of HIV/HBV co-infection in pregnant women
  • progress towards eliminating hepatitis B

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 3657 KiB  
Review
Weak Adoption and Performance of Hepatitis B Birth-Dose Vaccination Programs in Africa: Time to Consider Systems Complexity?—A Scoping Review
by Tasneem Solomon-Rakiep, Jill Olivier and Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(10), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8100474 - 16 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2244
Abstract
The persistent burden of chronic hepatitis B among ≤5-year-old children in Africa suggests missed opportunities for controlling mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This scoping review maps the evidence base on the risk of HBV MTCT, the status of HBV [...] Read more.
The persistent burden of chronic hepatitis B among ≤5-year-old children in Africa suggests missed opportunities for controlling mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This scoping review maps the evidence base on the risk of HBV MTCT, the status of HBV MTCT mitigation strategies including hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination, and the role of systems complexity on the suboptimal adoption and performance of hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination programs in Africa. Overall, 88 peer-reviewed and grey literature sources published between 2000–2022 were included in this review. The growing evidence base consistently argues for a heightened risk of HBV MTCT amidst the HIV co-epidemic in the region. Without universal HBV screening programs integrated within broader antenatal care services, current selective hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination is unlikely to effectively interrupt HBV MTCT. We underscore critical health systems-related barriers to universal adoption and optimal performance of hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination programs in the region. To better conceptualize the role of complexity and system-wide effects on the observed performance of the program, we propose an adapted systems-based logic model. Ultimately, exploring contextualized complex systems approaches to scaling-up universal hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination programs should form an integral part of the regional research agenda. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Prevention of Vertical Transmission of HBV)
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