Proteomics Profiling of the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism after Anti-Thyroid Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Anthropometric and Biochemical Data
2.2. 2D-DIGE Analysis and Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins
2.3. Principal Component Analysis
2.4. Network Pathway Analysis
2.5. Function Analysis
2.6. Immunoblotting Confirmation of Changes in Selected Proteins
3. Discussion and Conclusions
3.1. Proteins Increased in the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism
3.2. Proteins Decreased in the Patients with Hyperthyroidism
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ethical Considerations and Informed Consent
4.2. Study Design
4.3. Protein Extraction from Urine Samples
4.4. Fluorescence Labeling, 2D-DIGE, and MALDI-TOF-MS Analysis
4.5. Bioinformatic Analysis: Functional Classification of Proteins and Pathway Analysis
4.6. Statistical Analysis
4.7. Immunoblotting
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normal Range | Hyperthyroid | Euthyroid | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 9 | 9 | ||
Age (years) | 39.6 ± 10.6 | 39.6 ± 10.6 | ||
Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.07–5.83 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 0.19 |
Urea (mmol/L) | 2.5–6.4 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 0.18 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 53–115 | 61.1 ± 12.7 | 66.3 ± 12.0 | 0.39 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 136–145 | 138.6 ± 2.1 | 138 ± 0.9 | 0.16 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.5–5.1 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 0.40 |
Aspartate transaminase (IU/L) | 15–37 | 34.8 ± 9.1 | 31.8 ± 4.5 | 0.38 |
Alanine transaminase (IU/L) | 20–65 | 17.5 ± 5 | 15.8 ± 2.0 | 0.40 |
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) | 40–150 | 114.6 ± 53.7 | 120.2 ± 28.9 | 0.30 |
FT4 (pmol/L) | 11.5–22.7 | 35.4 ± 9.9 | 17.0 ± 2.8 | 0.001 |
TSH (mIU/L) | 0.25–0.5 | 0.014 ± 0.01 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.00068 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.2–5.2 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 0.10 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.96–2.15 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.02 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.84–4.25 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.09 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.4–1.48 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.14 |
Sl No | Spot No. | Accession No. a | Protein Name | MASCOT ID | p-Value b (ANOVA) | Ratio c Hyper\Euth | EXP d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 554 | P02787 | Serotransferrin | TRFE_HUMAN | 0.048 | 1.7 | UP |
2 | 871 | P06702 | Protein S100-A9 | S10A9_HUMAN | 0.049 | 3.4 | UP |
3 | 933 | P04217 | Alpha-1B-glycoprotein | A1BG_HUMAN | 9.410−4 | 2 | UP |
4 | 227 | P02768 | Serum albumin | ALBU_HUMAN | 0.006 | 2.1 | UP |
5 | 210 | Q6ZMW3 | Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 6 | EMAL6_HUMAN | 0.001 | 1.6 | UP |
6 | 983 | P02766 | Transthyretin | TTHY_HUMAN | 0.004 | 2.5 | UP |
7 | 253 | P02768 | Serum albumin | ALBU_HUMAN | 0.017 | 1.6 | UP |
8 | 237 | P01833 | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | PIGR_HUMAN | 0.017 | 1.7 | UP |
9 | 258 | P04217 | Alpha-1B-glycoprotein | A1BG_HUMAN | 0.024 | 1.6 | UP |
10 | 166 | P00450 | Ceruloplasmin | CERU_HUMAN | 0.029 | 1.8 | UP |
11 | 588 | Q9UQ35 | Serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein 2 | SRRM2_HUMAN | 0.031 | 1.7 | UP |
12 | 593 | O00443 | Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit alpha | P3C2A_HUMAN | 0.034 | 3.2 | UP |
13 | 318 | P02768 | Serum albumin | ALBU_HUMAN | 0.036 | 1.6 | UP |
14 | 526 | Q16769 | Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase | QPCT_HUMAN | 0.01 | 1.8 | UP |
15 | 215 | Q6FIF0 | AN1-type zinc finger protein 6 | ZFAN6_HUMAN | 0.02 | 1.6 | UP |
16 | 266 | Q92878 | DNA repair protein RAD50 | RAD50_HUMAN | 0.047 | 1.5 | UP |
17 | 584 | Q9BUB4 | tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 | ADAT1_HUMAN | 0.051 | −1.5 | DOWN |
18 | 162 | P03952 | Plasma kallikrein | KLKB1_HUMAN | 0.023 | −2.5 | DOWN |
19 | 618 | Q15257 | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator | PTPA_HUMAN | 0.03 | −2.0 | DOWN |
20 | 163 | Q96PF1 | Protein glutamine gamma-glutamyl transferase Z | TGM7_HUMAN | 0.031 | −1.6 | DOWN |
21 | 799 | Q6U7Q0 | Zinc finger protein 322 | ZN322_HUMAN | 0.029 | −2.5 | DOWN |
22 | 882 | P29508 | SERPINB3 | SPB3_HUMAN | 0.009 | 3 | UP |
23 | 765 | Q9UKF7 | Cytoplasmic phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 1 | PITC1_HUMAN | 0.031 | 1.7 | UP |
24 | 902 | Q16769 | Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase | QPCT_HUMAN | 0.048 | 1.5 | UP |
25 | 281 | P01833 | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | PIGR_HUMAN | 0.011 | 1.7 | UP |
26 | 998 | Q8N3U1 | Putative uncharacterized protein LOC400692 | YS014_HUMAN | 0.011 | 1.5 | UP |
27 | 506 | Q4V348 | Zinc finger protein 658B | Z658B_HUMAN | 0.016 | 1.5 | UP |
28 | 655 | O00560 | Syntenin-1 | SDCB1_HUMAN | 0.016 | 1.8 | UP |
29 | 1032 | Q9H299 | SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein 3 | SH3L3_HUMAN | 0.02 | −3.2 | DOWN |
30 | 959 | P13645 | Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 10 | K1C10_HUMAN | 0.028 | 2.6 | UP |
31 | 770 | P01833 | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | PIGR_HUMAN | 0.054 | −1.9 | DOWN |
32 | 498 | P04746 | Pancreatic alpha-amylase | AMYP_HUMAN | 0.052 | 1.5 | UP |
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Benabdelkamel, H.; Masood, A.; Ekhzaimy, A.A.; Alfadda, A.A. Proteomics Profiling of the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism after Anti-Thyroid Treatment. Molecules 2021, 26, 1991. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071991
Benabdelkamel H, Masood A, Ekhzaimy AA, Alfadda AA. Proteomics Profiling of the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism after Anti-Thyroid Treatment. Molecules. 2021; 26(7):1991. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071991
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenabdelkamel, Hicham, Afshan Masood, Aishah A. Ekhzaimy, and Assim A. Alfadda. 2021. "Proteomics Profiling of the Urine of Patients with Hyperthyroidism after Anti-Thyroid Treatment" Molecules 26, no. 7: 1991. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071991