Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Model
3. Entropy Analysis
4. Exact Solution
5. Results and Discussion
6. Conclusions
- A completely evolved, parabolic velocity profile also having axial symmetry is noted.
- A slightly rapid increment in temperature is noted for the phase flow model as compared to the hybrid one with increasing and .
- The minimum value of disorder in the central region indicates a fully developed flow while the disorder near the walls is due to the sinusoidal fluctuation of boundaries.
- A high value of is achieved for the phase flow model as compared to the hybrid model for all the dimensionless parameters involved in this study.
- Higher values of entropy are noted for the hybrid nanofluid flow as compared to the phase flow.
- The hybrid model of nanofluid is causing a higher level of disorder when compared to the phase flow, as revealed by the entropy solutions.
- It is observed that entropy has its lowest values (almost zero) in the core region of the duct due to a fully developed and smooth flow profile in the centre, while entropy has its maximum values near boundaries due to the sinusoidal fluctuations of walls.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Coordinate system | |
Velocity components | |
Aspect ratio | |
Concentration of copper | |
Concentration of silver | |
Density | |
Dimensionless temperature ratio | |
Occlusion | |
Viscosity | |
Wavelength | |
Brinkman number | |
Ellipse half axes | |
Wave velocity | |
Wave amplitude | |
Ellipse eccentricity | |
Thermal conductivity | |
Dimensionless entropy | |
Tube’s wall temperature | |
Hydraulic diameter of ellipse | |
Heat capacity | |
Hybrid nanofluid | |
Bulk temperature |
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Physical Parameters | Base Fluid | Nanoparticles | |
---|---|---|---|
(Water) | |||
4179 | 385 | 235 | |
0.613 | 401 | 429 | |
997.1 | 8933 | 10,500 |
Properties | Nanofluid |
---|---|
Density | |
Viscosity | |
Thermal Conductivity | |
Heat Capacity |
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McCash, L.B.; Akhtar, S.; Nadeem, S.; Saleem, S. Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries. Entropy 2021, 23, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732
McCash LB, Akhtar S, Nadeem S, Saleem S. Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries. Entropy. 2021; 23(6):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcCash, Luthais B., Salman Akhtar, Sohail Nadeem, and Salman Saleem. 2021. "Entropy Analysis of the Peristaltic Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside an Elliptic Duct with Sinusoidally Advancing Boundaries" Entropy 23, no. 6: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23060732