Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Phase-Change Material and Working Fluids in Heat-Exchange Systems
1.2. Thermal Conductivity of Micro-/Nanoencapsulated PCM Slurries—Previous Research
2. Methodology and Materials
2.1. Preparation of the Slurry
2.2. Experimental Facility
2.3. Procedure of the Experimental Research and the Conditions of the Experiment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental vs. Theoretical Thermal Conductivity of the mPCM Slurry
3.2. Discussion of Research Results
4. Summary and Conclusions
- An increase in the temperature of the slurry caused an increase in its thermal conductivity, both when the PCM was in the form of a solid and a liquid;
- The thermal conductivity of the mPCM slurry when the PCM was in liquid form was greater than the thermal conductivity of the slurry when the PCM was solid;
- During the phase transformation, a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of the slurry was observed, and its peak took place when the temperature of the slurry reached the temperature declared by the manufacturer at which the phase-transition peak occurs;
- The thermal conductivity value (apparent thermal conductivity) obtained during the phase transformation did not correspond to the actual value, but results from the imperfection of the measurement method;
- The thermal conductivity of an mPCM slurry can be determined from Maxwell’s dependence with an accuracy of ±20% when the PCM is in the form of a solid in the entire tested range, and to a limited extent (mPCM mass share up to 20%) when the PCM is in liquid form in the slurry;
- Work is required to set standards for measurement methods or standardization of the preparation of mPCM slurry samples in order to measure their thermal conductivity, especially at the temperature at which the PCM undergoes a phase change.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mass Fractions of Slurry Components (%) | ||
---|---|---|
mPCM | Glycol | Water |
43.0 | 0 | 57.0 |
38.7 | 3.7 | 57.6 |
34.4 | 7.4 | 58.2 |
30.1 | 11.1 | 58.8 |
25.8 | 14.8 | 59.4 |
21.5 | 18.5 | 60.0 |
17.2 | 22.2 | 60.6 |
12.9 | 25.9 | 61.2 |
8.6 | 29.6 | 61.8 |
4.3 | 33.3 | 62.4 |
0 | 37.0 | 63.0 |
Temperature (°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W m−1K−1) | Temperature (°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W m−1K−1) | Temperature (°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W m−1K−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.0 | 0.58005 | 20.0 | 0.59846 | 30.0 | 0.61550 |
10.5 | 0.58099 | 20.5 | 0.59935 | 30.5 | 0.61631 |
11.0 | 0.58193 | 21.0 | 0.60024 | 31.0 | 0.61711 |
11.5 | 0.58287 | 21.5 | 0.60112 | 31.5 | 0.61790 |
12.0 | 0.58380 | 22.0 | 0.6020 | 32.0 | 0.61869 |
12.5 | 0.58474 | 22.5 | 0.60288 | 32.5 | 0.61948 |
13.0 | 0.58567 | 23.0 | 0.60375 | 33.0 | 0.62026 |
13.5 | 0.58660 | 23.5 | 0.60462 | 33.5 | 0.62103 |
14.0 | 0.58753 | 24.0 | 0.60548 | 34.0 | 0.62180 |
14.5 | 0.58846 | 24.5 | 0.60634 | 34.5 | 0.62257 |
15.0 | 0.58938 | 25.0 | 0.60719 | 35.0 | 0.62333 |
15.5 | 0.59030 | 25.5 | 0.60805 | 35.5 | 0.62408 |
16.0 | 0.59122 | 26.0 | 0.60889 | 36.0 | 0.62483 |
16.5 | 0.59214 | 26.5 | 0.60973 | 36.5 | 0.62557 |
17.0 | 0.59305 | 27.0 | 0.61057 | 37.0 | 0.62631 |
17.5 | 0.59396 | 27.5 | 0.61141 | 37.5 | 0.62704 |
18.0 | 0.59487 | 28.0 | 0.61223 | 38.0 | 0.62777 |
18.5 | 0.59577 | 28.5 | 0.61306 | 38.5 | 0.62849 |
19.0 | 0.59667 | 29.0 | 0.61388 | 39.0 | 0.62921 |
19.5 | 0.59757 | 29.5 | 0.61469 | 39.5 | 0.62992 |
Mass Fraction of Microcapsules | MAPE (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Water | Ergolid | |||
PCM Solid | PCM Liquid | PCM Solid | PCM Liquid | |
4.3% mPCM | 2.1 | 6.8 | 2.1 | 5.1 |
8.6% mPCM | 3.7 | 8.6 | 3.4 | 4.8 |
12.9% mPCM | 7.1 | 12.2 | 3.1 | 9.7 |
17.2% mPCM | 10.0 | 14.7 | 1.4 | 11.9 |
21.5% mPCM | 12.1 | 17.9 | 2.4 | 21.5 |
25.8% mPCM | 13.9 | 22.0 | 4.6 | 23.2 |
30.1% mPCM | 15.6 | 25.4 | 8.4 | 28.2 |
34.4% mPCM | 18.4 | 28.0 | 11.1 | 28.1 |
38.7% mPCM | 20.9 | 29.0 | 13.7 | 38.3 |
43.0% mPCM | 24.7 | 28.0 | - | - |
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Dutkowski, K.; Kruzel, M. Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature. Materials 2021, 14, 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154124
Dutkowski K, Kruzel M. Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature. Materials. 2021; 14(15):4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154124
Chicago/Turabian StyleDutkowski, Krzysztof, and Marcin Kruzel. 2021. "Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature" Materials 14, no. 15: 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154124
APA StyleDutkowski, K., & Kruzel, M. (2021). Experimental Investigation of the Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Microencapsulated Phase-Change-Material Slurry at the Phase-Transition Temperature. Materials, 14(15), 4124. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154124