Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Rearing
2.2. Collection, Isolation and Identification of Metarhizium anisopliae
2.3. Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate SM036 against Plutella xylostella
2.4. Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles
2.5. Characterization of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles
2.6. Biological Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Metarhizium anisopliae against Plutella xylostella under Laboratory Conditions
2.7. Biological Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Metarhizium anisopliae against Plutella xylostella under Field Conditions
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Isolation and Identification of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate SM036
3.2. Concentration–Mortality Response of Plutella xylostella to Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate SM036
3.3. Characterization of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles
3.4. Biological Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Metarhizium anisopliae against Plutella xylostella under Laboratory Conditions
3.5. Biological Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Metarhizium anisopliae against Plutella xylostella under Field Conditions
4. Discussion
4.1. Isolation and Identification of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate SM036
4.2. Concentration–Mortality Response of Plutella xylostella to Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate SM036
4.3. Characterization of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Metarhizium anisopliae
4.4. Toxicity of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles of Metarhizium anisopliae against Plutella xylostella
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatments | Treatment Description | Concentration |
---|---|---|
T1 | M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles | 31.25 ppm |
T2 | M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles | 62.5 ppm |
T3 | M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles | 125 ppm |
T4 | M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles | 250 ppm |
T5 | M. anisopliae–chitosan nanoparticles | 500 ppm |
T6 | M. anisopliae conidial suspension | 106 conidia/ml |
T7 | Chitosan nanoparticles | 200 ppm |
T8 | Control (ddH2O) | 0 |
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Wu, J.; Du, C.; Zhang, J.; Yang, B.; Cuthbertson, A.G.S.; Ali, S. Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Microorganisms 2022, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010001
Wu J, Du C, Zhang J, Yang B, Cuthbertson AGS, Ali S. Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Microorganisms. 2022; 10(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jianhui, Cailian Du, Jieming Zhang, Bo Yang, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson, and Shaukat Ali. 2022. "Synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae–Chitosan Nanoparticles and Their Pathogenicity against Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)" Microorganisms 10, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010001