Comparative Study of the Leaf Volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
RI1 | Class | Identification2 | Compound | V. vitis-idaea, % | A. uva-ursi, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
725 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Penten-1-ol | tr | |
732 | GL | a, b | (E)-3-Penten-2-one | tr3 | tr |
739 | MRP | a, b, c | Pyridine | tr | |
744 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Pentenal | tr | tr |
762 | GL | a, b, c | 1-Pentanol | tr | tr |
765 | GL | a, b | (Z)-2-Penten-1-ol | 0.8 | 0.2 |
772 | TH | a, b | 3-Methyl-2-buten-1-ol (syn.4 prenol) | 0.1 | |
772 | O | a, b, c | N,N-Dimethyl formamide | 0.4 | |
781 | TH | a, b | 3-Methyl-2-butenal (syn. prenal) | tr | |
783 | GL | a, b, c | 2,4-Pentandione (syn. acetyl acetone) | tr | |
801 | GL | a, b, c | Hexanal | tr | 0.1 |
824 | MRP | a, b | Methylpyrazine | tr | |
827 | O | a, b, c | Maleic anhydride | tr | |
832 | TH | a, b, c | 2-Methylbutanoic acid | tr | |
828 | GL/MRP | a, b, c | Furfural | 0.2 | 0.8 |
839 | GL | a, b, c | 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone | tr | tr |
844 | GL | a, b | (E)-3-Hexen-1-ol | tr | |
854 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Hexenal | tr | 0.7 |
854 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol | 1.2 | |
858 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol | 4.4 | tr |
867 | GL | a, b, c | 1-Hexanol | tr | tr |
863 | MRP | a, b, c | 3-Methylpyridine | 0.2 | |
869 | MPR | a, b | α-Angelica lactone | tr | |
892 | AE | a, b | 1-Nonene | tr | |
896 | O | a, b | 2-Methyl-2-cyclopentenone | tr | |
900 | TH | a, b, c | Isopropyl 3-methylbutanoate | 0.1 | |
913 | GL | a, b | (E,E)-2,4-Hexadienal | tr | tr |
915 | MRP | a, b, c | 2-Acetylfuran | tr | 0.2 |
916 | MRP | a, b | Ethylpyrazine | tr | |
920 | MRP | a, b | 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine | tr | |
935 | GL | a, b | 2-Methylpentanoic acid | tr | |
956 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Heptenal | tr | 0.1 |
959 | MRP | a, b | 3-Ethylpyridine | 0.1 | |
959 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Hepten-1-ol | tr | |
965 | MRP | a, b, c | Benzaldehyde | 0.6 | 0.2 |
963 | MRP | a, b | 5-Methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde | tr | |
967 | GL | a, b, c | 1-Heptanol | tr | tr |
968 | MRP | a, b | 3-Ethenylpyridine | 0.4 | |
971 | GL | a, b, c | Hexanoic acid | 0.6 | |
973 | GL | a, b | (E)-4-Octen-3-one | tr | |
978 | GL | a, b | 1-Octen-3-ol | tr | 0.1 |
978 | MRP | a, b, c | Phenol | tr | |
986 | CR | a, b | 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 0.1 | |
989 | O | a, b, c | Benzonitrile | tr | |
993 | GL | a, b | 2-Pentylfuran | tr | |
995 | GL | a, b | 3-Octanol | tr | |
999 | GL | a, b | (E,Z)-2,4-Heptadienal | tr | 0.3 |
1001 | MRP | a, b | 2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine | tr | |
1004 | MRP | a, b | 2-Ethyl-5-methylpyrazine | tr | |
1005 | MRP | a, b | Trimethylpyrazine | tr | |
1013 | GL | a, b | (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal | tr | 0.7 |
1019 | MRP | a, b | 5-Ethyl-2-methylpyridine | tr | |
1022 | TMM | a, b, c | Limonene | tr | |
1027 | O | a, b | 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol | tr | 0.1 |
1027 | TMA | a, b, c | p-Cymene | tr | |
1031 | GL | a, b | (E)-3-Octen-2-one | tr | tr |
1036 | MRP | a, b, c | Benzyl alcohol | 0.7 | 0.2 |
1047 | MRP | a, b, c | Phenylacetaldehyde | 0.5 | 1.0 |
1047 | O | a, b, c | Salicylaldehyde | tr | |
1053 | O | a, b, c | 2-Methylphenol | 0.1 | |
1057 | A | a, b | 4-Methyldecane | tr | |
1058 | GL | a, b | (Z)-2-Octenal | 0.1 | |
1062 | GL | a, b, c | Pentyl isobutanoate | tr | |
1067 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Octen-3-ol | tr | 0.1 |
1069 | GL | a, b, c | 1-Octanol | 0.9 | 0.7 |
1071 | GL | a, b | (E,E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one | tr | |
1071 | O | a, b, c | Acetophenone | tr | |
1072 | O | a, b, c | 4-Methylbenzaldehyde | tr | |
1074 | O | a, b, c | 4-Methylphenol | tr | |
1075 | TMA | a, b, c | cis-Linalooloxide (furanoid) | 0.5 | 1.3 |
1086 | O | a, b | 3-Methylbenzaldehyde | tr | |
1090 | TMM | a, b | α-Cumyl alcohol (syn. 2-phenyl-2-propanol) | tr | |
1092 | TMA | a, b, c | trans-Linalooloxide (furanoid) | 0.3 | 0.9 |
1093 | TMM | a, b | p-Cymenene | tr | |
1097 | GL | a, b | 1-Nonen-4-ol | tr | |
1098 | GL | a, b | Isobutyl tiglate | 0.4 | |
1102 | TMA | a, b, c | Linalool | 4.7 | 7.3 |
1106 | GL | a, b, c | Nonanal | 0.5 | tr |
1107 | TM | a, b | Hotrienol | tr | |
1107 | CR | a, b | 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one | 1.8 | |
1111 | TMT | a, b, c | α-Thujone | 0.7 | |
1114 | O | a, b | 2,6-Dimethylcyclohexanol | tr | 0.2 |
1117 | MRP | a, b, c | 2-Phenyl-1-ethanol | 0.6 | |
1120 | TMA | a, b | Myrcenol | tr | |
1121 | TMT | a, b, c | β-Thujone | 0.1 | |
1125 | TMT | a, b | Dehydrosabinaketone | 0.1 | |
1126 | CR | a, b, c | Isophorone | tr | |
1130 | TMP | a, b | α-Campholenal | tr | |
1140 | GL | a, b | (E)-3-Nonen-2-one | tr | |
1143 | O | a, b | Phenylacetonitrile | tr | |
1145 | TMP | a, b, c | trans-Pinocarveol | tr | |
1145 | TMM | a, b | Lilac aldehyde B | tr | 0.2 |
1147 | CR | a, b | 4-Oxoisophorone | tr | tr |
1150 | TMB | a, b, c | Camphor | 0.8 | |
1154 | TMA | a, b | Lilac aldehyde A | 0.4 | tr |
1154 | GL | a, b | (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | 0.4 | |
1157 | TMA | a, b | Neroloxide | tr | |
1158 | TMM | a, b, c | Menthone | 0.2 | |
1161 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Nonenal | tr | 0.3 |
1165 | TMA | a, b | (Z)-β-Ocimenol | 0.1 | |
1167 | O | a, b, c | Benzyl acetate | tr | |
1169 | TMM | a, b, c | Menthol | 0.3 | |
1169 | TMA | a, b | Lilac aldehyde C | tr | |
1170 | F | a, b, c | Octanoic acid | 0.7 | |
1171 | TMM | a, b | α-Phellandren-8-ol | tr | |
1172 | TMM | a, b | p-Mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol | tr | |
1172 | TMB | a, b, c | Borneol | 1.4 | |
1173 | TMA | a, b | cis-Linalooloxide (pyranoid) | tr | |
1175 | O | a, b, c | Ethyl benzoate | tr | |
1177 | TMM | a, b | Isomenthol | 1.9 | |
1179 | TMA | a, b | trans-Linalool oxide (pyranoid) | tr | |
1181 | O | a, b | 2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde | tr | |
1182 | TMM | a, b | Terpinen-4-ol | 0.5 | 1.0 |
1186 | TMP | a, b | Isoverbanol | tr | |
1188 | TMM | a, b | neo-Isomenthol | tr | |
1189 | TMM | a, b | p-Cymen-8-ol | 0.2 | 0.6 |
1190 | O | a, b, c | Naphthalene | tr | |
1196 | TMM | a, b | α-Terpineol | 17.0 | 7.8 |
1200 | O | a, b, c | Methyl salicylate | 0.5 | 0.1 |
1202 | TMP | a, b, c | Myrtenol | 0.1 | |
1203 | TMM | a, b | γ-Terpineol | tr | |
1205 | CR | a, b | Safranal | tr | 0.2 |
1207 | GL | a, b, c | Decanal | tr | 0.1 |
1213 | TMM | a, b | trans-Piperitol | tr | |
1216 | TMP | a, b, c | Verbenone | 0.3 | |
1216 | GL | a, b | (E,E)-2,4-Nonadienal | tr | tr |
1221 | TMM | a, b | 1-p-Menthen-9-al isomer 1 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
1223 | TMM | a, b, c | trans-Carveol | tr | |
1223 | TMM | a, b | 1-p-Menthen-9-al isomer 2 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
1226 | CR | a, b | β-Cyclocitral | 0.4 | 0.2 |
1231 | TMA | a, b | (Z)-Ocimenone | tr | |
1231 | TMA | a, b, c | Nerol | 0.2 | 0.8 |
1237 | TMM | a, b, c | Thymol methyl ether | ||
1244 | TMM | a, b, c | Pulegone | 0.3 | |
1247 | TMM | a, b, c | Carvacrol methyl ether | tr | |
1249 | TMM | a, b, c | Carvone | 0.2 | |
1252 | TMM | a, b | Perilla ketone | 0.1 | |
1256 | TMA | a, b, c | Geraniol | 1.5 | 3.0 |
1259 | TMM | a, b | Piperitone | 0.2 | |
1263 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Decenal | 0.5 | 0.7 |
1273 | TMA | a, b, c | Geranial | 1.3 | |
1275 | F | a, b, c | Nonanoic acid | 0.4 | 0.7 |
1277 | TMM | a, b | Perilla aldehyde | 1.2 | |
1286 | GL | a, b | Vitispirane | 0.9 | |
1290 | PP | a, b, c | trans-Anethole | 0.6 | |
1290 | TMB | a, b, c | Isobornyl acetate | tr | |
1294 | TMM | a, b, c | Thymol | 2.0 | |
1294 | AE | a, b | 1-Tridecene | tr | |
1296 | GL | a, b | (E,Z)-2,4-Decadienal | tr | tr |
1297 | TMM | a, b, c | Menthyl acetate | tr | |
1299 | O | a, b | 2-Methylnaphthalene | tr | |
1300 | O | a, b, c | Indole | tr | |
1300 | A | a, b, c | Tridecane | tr | |
1304 | TMM | a, b, c | Carvacrol | 0.9 | |
1304 | TMM | a, b | Perilla alcohol | tr | |
1309 | GL | a, b | Undecanal | 0.1 | |
1313 | CR | a, b | Riesling acetal | 1.4 | |
1317 | O | a, b | 1-Methylnaphthalene | tr | |
1318 | PP | a, b | 4-Vinylguaiacol | tr | tr |
1319 | GL | a, b | (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal | 0.8 | 1.7 |
1323 | O | a, b | 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzaldehyde | 0.1 | |
1326 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Hexenyl tiglate | tr | |
1336 | A | a, b | Branched alkane | tr | |
1341 | CR | a, b | (E,E)-2,5-Epoxy-6,8-megastigmadiene | tr | |
1344 | A | a, b | Branched alkane | tr | |
1353 | TMM | a, b | α-Terpineol acetate | 0.7 | |
1359 | O | a, b | 1,1,6-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene | 0.2 | 0.6 |
1361 | PP | a, b, c | Eugenol | 0.7 | tr |
1363 | TMA | a, b | Hydroxy citronellol(syn. 3,7-dimethyl-1,7-octanediol) | tr | |
1366 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Undecenal | tr | 0.2 |
1367 | F | a, b | γ-Nonalactone | tr | |
1371 | CR | a, b | (E,Z)-4,6,8-Megastigmatriene | tr | |
1370 | F | a, b, c | Decanoic acid | tr | 0.8 |
1377 | A | a, b | 3-Methyltridecane | tr | |
1383 | CR | a, b | α-Ionol | 0.3 | |
1383 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Hexenyl hexanoate | 0.8 | |
1384 | O | a, b, c | Biphenyl | tr | |
1388 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate | 0.3 | |
1390 | CR | a, b | (E)-β-Damascenone | 0.3 | |
1391 | GL | a, b | (E)-2-Hexenyl caproate | tr | |
1396 | AE | a, b | 1-Dodecene | tr | |
1398 | CR | a, b | (Z)-Jasmone | tr | |
1400 | A | a, b, c | Tetradecane | tr | tr |
1404 | CR | a, b | (2E)-3-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-propenal | tr | 0.4 |
1407 | CR | a, b | Hexahydropseudoionone (syn. tetrahydrogeranyl acetone) | tr | 0.1 |
1409 | O | a, b | 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene | tr | |
1411 | AL | a, b | Dodecanal | tr | tr |
1416 | O | a, b | 1-Ethenylnaphthalene | tr | |
1420 | CR | a, b | (E)-β-Damascone | tr | |
1423 | TS | a, b | β-Cedrene | 0.2 | |
1424 | O | a, b | 1,3-Dimethylnaphthalene | tr | |
1427 | TSCR | a, b, c | β-Caryophyllene | 2.9 | 0.9 |
1433 | CR | a, b, c | (E)-α-Ionone | 0.1 | |
1440 | TS | a, b | Calarene (syn. β-Gurjunene) | tr | |
1444 | O | a, b | 2,3-Dimethylnaphthalene | tr | |
1454 | O | a, b | Acenaphthylene | tr | |
1456 | CR | a, b | (E)-Geranyl acetone | tr | 4.1 |
1457 | A | a, b | 4-Methylpentadecane | tr | |
1460 | TSF | a, b | (E)-β-Farnesene | tr | |
1462 | TSH | a, b, c | α-Humulene | 1.1 | 1.2 |
1463 | A | a, b | 2-Methyltetradecane | tr | tr |
1465 | F | a, b | Undecanoic acid | 0.2 | |
1476 | ALC | a, b | 1-Dodecanol | tr | |
1483 | TSCD | a, b | γ-Muurolene | 0.6 | |
1488 | TSGER | a, b | Germacrene D | tr | |
1492 | CR | a, b, c | (E)-β-Ionone | 1.1 | 1.3 |
1494 | TSED | a, b | β-Selinene | tr | |
1497 | TS | a, b | α-Zingiberene | 0.6 | |
1498 | FAD | a, b | 2-Tridecanone | 0.1 | |
1500 | TSED | a, b | δ-Selinene | tr | |
1500 | A | a, b, c | Pentadecane | tr | tr |
1503 | TSED | a, b | α-Selinene | 0.8 | |
1503 | O | a, b | Benzyl tiglate | tr | |
1507 | TSCD | a, b | α-Muurolene | 0.2 | |
1509 | TSAG | a, b | 4-epi-cis-Dihydroagarofuran | tr | |
1511 | TSF | a, b | (E,E)-α-Farnesene | 4.9 | |
1513 | AL | a, b | Tridecanal | tr | |
1513 | TS | a, b | β-Bisabolene | 0.3 | |
1514 | TSCD | a, b | γ-Cadinene | tr | |
1521 | TSCD | a, b | δ-Cadinene | 0.9 | |
1526 | TSED | a, b | 7-epi-α-Selinene | tr | |
1527 | PP | a, b, c | Myristicin | 0.6 | |
1530 | TSCD | a, b | trans-Cadina-1,4-diene | tr | |
1532 | O | a, b | Lilial | tr | |
1535 | CR | a, b | (E,Z)-Pseudoionone | 0.3 | |
1538 | CR | a, b | Dihydroactinidiolide | 0.1 | |
1542 | A | a, b | Branched alkane | tr | |
1544 | TSCD | a, b | α-Cadinene | tr | |
1550 | TSCD | a, b | α-Calacorene | 0.2 | |
1555 | TSAG | a, b | α-Agarofuran | 1.8 | |
1561 | A | a, b | 2-Methylpentadecane | tr | |
1565 | F | a, b, c | Dodecanoic acid | 0.6 | 1.8 |
1571 | O | a, b | 2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene | 0.2 | |
1571 | A | a, b | 3-Methylpentadecane | tr | |
1576 | GL | a, b | (Z)-3-Hexenyl benzoate | tr | 0.3 |
1582 | TSF | a, b | (Z)-Dihydroapofarnesol | 0.8 | |
1586 | TS | a, b, c | Spathulenol | tr | |
1587 | O | a, b | 9H-Fluorene | 0.6 | |
1589 | CR | a, b | (E,E)-Pseudoionone | 0.4 | |
1592 | TSCR | a, b, c | Caryophyllene oxide | 0.8 | |
1593 | AE | a, b | 1-Hexadecene | tr | |
1594 | O | a, b | 3,3'-Dimethylbiphenyl | tr | |
1600 | A | a, b, c | Hexadecane | 0.7 | |
1601 | TS | a, b | Viridiflorol | 0.1 | |
1602 | TS | a, b | 4(14)-Salvialen-1-one | tr | |
1607 | TSH | a, b | Humulene epoxide I | 0.1 | |
1611 | TS | a, b | Cedrol | 0.2 | |
1614 | AL | a, b | Tetradecanal | tr | |
1615 | AL | a, b | (E)-7-Tetradecenal | tr | |
1619 | TSH | a, b | Humulene epoxide II | tr | |
1629 | F | a, b, c | Isopropyl laurate | tr | |
1629 | TSED | a, b | 10-epi-γ-Eudesmol | 3.0 | |
1634 | O | a, b, c | Benzophenone | tr | |
1638 | O | a, b | 4-Methyldibenzofuran | tr | |
1640 | TSED | a, b | γ-Eudesmol | tr | 0.6 |
1646 | TSCR | a, b | Caryophylla-3(15),7(14)-dien-6-ol | tr | |
1649 | TSCD | a, b | τ-Cadinol | 0.3 | |
1650 | TSCD | a, b | Cubenol | tr | |
1654 | TSCD | a, b | α-Muurolol | 0.2 | |
1659 | TSED | a, b | α-Eudesmol | tr | |
1662 | TSER | a, b | Valerianol | 1.7 | |
1665 | A | a, b | 2-Methylhexadecane | tr | |
1666 | TSCD | a, b | α-Cadinol | 0.2 | |
1667 | TSED | a, b | 7-epi-α-Eudesmol | tr | |
1675 | ALC | a, b | 1-Tetradecanol | 0.9 | |
1676 | TSF | a, b | Hexahydrofarnesol | 0.1 | |
1683 | O | a, b | Hexyl salicylate | tr | |
1694 | AE | a, b | 1-Heptadecene | tr | tr |
1695 | TSCD | a, b | Amorpha-4,9-dien-2-ol | 0.1 | |
1698 | TS | a, b | Acorenone | 0.2 | |
1700 | A | a, b, c | Heptadecane | 0.3 | 0.2 |
1705 | TSGER | a, b, c | Germacrone | 1.1 | |
1716 | AL | a, b | Pentadecanal | 0.3 | 0.1 |
1719 | TSF | a, b | (E,E)-Farnesal | tr | |
1725 | O | a, b | 2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene | 0.2 | |
1727 | F | a, b, c | Methyl tetradecanoate | tr | |
1755 | A | a, b | 5-Methylheptadecane | tr | |
1764 | A | a, b | 2-Methylheptadecane | tr | |
1765 | F | a, b, c | Tetradecanoic acid | 1.2 | |
1772 | O | a, b, c | Benzyl benzoate | tr | 0.2 |
1784 | O | a, b, c | Phenanthrene | 0.1 | |
1794 | AE | a, b | 1-Octadecene | tr | 0.1 |
1795 | F | a, b, c | Ethyl tetradecanoate | tr | |
1800 | A | a, b, c | Octadecane | 0.1 | |
1818 | AL | a, b | Hexadecanal | tr | tr |
1828 | F | a, b, c | Isopropyl myristate | tr | 0.1 |
1839 | F | a, b | 15-Pentadecanolide (syn. exaltolide) | tr | |
1844 | TSF | a, b | (E,E)-2,6-Farnesyl acetate | tr | |
1848 | CR | a, b | Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 1.7 | 2.3 |
1862 | F | a, b | Pentadecanoic acid | tr | |
1876 | O | a, b, c | Benzyl salicylate | tr | tr |
1883 | ALC | a, b, c | 1-Hexadecanol | tr | |
1894 | AE | a, b | 1-Nonadecene | tr | |
1900 | A | a, b, c | Nonadecane | tr | 0.1 |
1921 | CR | a, b | (E,E)-5,9-Farnesyl acetone | tr | 0.7 |
1928 | F | a, b, c | Methyl hexadecanoate | tr | tr |
1930 | O | a, b | 2-Methylanthracene | tr | |
1941 | F | a, b | (Z)-9-Hexadecenoic acid (syn. palmitoleic acid) | 0.2 | |
1950 | TD | a, b | Isophytol | tr | 0.2 |
1968 | F | a, b, c | Hexadecanoic acid | tr | 4.5 |
1975 | TD | a, b | Sandaracopimara-8(14),15-diene | tr | |
1982 | ALC | a, b, c | 1-Heptadecanol | tr | |
1994 | AE | a, b | 1-Eicosene | tr | tr |
1996 | F | a, b, c | Ethyl hexadecanoate | tr | 0.2 |
2000 | A | a, b, c | Eicosane | tr | 0.1 |
2003 | TD | a, b | Manoyl oxide | 1.4 | 0.1 |
2025 | TD | a, b | 13-epi-Manool oxide | 2.0 | |
2034 | CR | a, b | (E,E)-Geranyl linalool | tr | |
2070 | TD | a, b | ar-Abietatriene | tr | |
2094 | AE | a, b | 1-Heneicosene | tr | tr |
2100 | A | a, b, c | Heneicosane | 0.3 | 0.1 |
2116 | TD | a, b | (E)-Phytol | tr | 3.3 |
2116 | AL | a, b | Nonadecanal | tr | |
2136 | AE | a, b, c | Linoleic acid | 0.3 | |
2138 | A | a, b | Branched alkane | tr | |
2143 | F | a, b, c | Linolenic acid | 1.2 | |
2155 | F | a, b | (E,E)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (syn. linoleic acid) | 0.8 | |
2172 | AE | a, b | 1-Nonadecanol | tr | |
2180 | A | a, b | Branched alkane | tr | |
2194 | AE | a, b | 1-Docosene | 0.8 | tr |
2200 | A | a, b, c | Docosane | 0.5 | tr |
2219 | AL | a, b | Eicosanal | tr | |
2294 | AE | a, b | 1-Tricosene | 0.3 | |
2300 | A | a, b, c | Tricosane | 2.1 | 0.2 |
2395 | AE | a, b | 1-Tetracosene | 1.4 | |
2352 | F | a, b | δ-Octadecalactone | tr | 0.1 |
2394 | AE | a, b | 1-Tetracosene | tr | |
2400 | A | a, b, c | Tetracosane | 1.2 | tr |
2495 | AE | a, b | 1-Pentacosene | tr | |
2500 | A | a, b, c | Pentacosane | 6.4 | tr |
2596 | AE | a, b | 1-Hexacosene | 1.1 | |
2600 | A | a, b, c | Hexacosane | 0.6 | |
2700 | A | a, b, c | Heptacosane | 2.9 | |
2297 | AE | a, b | 1-Octacosene | 1.6 | |
2900 | A | a, b, c | Nonacosane | 2.0 | |
2998 | AE | a, b | 1-Triacontene | tr | |
3100 | A | a, b, c | Hentriacontane | tr | |
Total | 91.7 | 90.4 | |||
Number of constituents | 187 | 243 | |||
Terpenoids (T) | 49.5 | 46.8 | |||
Hemiterpenoids (TH) | tr | 0.2 | |||
Monoterpenoids (TM) | 27.4 | 35.6 | |||
Oxygenated | 27.4 | 35.6 | |||
Hydrocarbons | tr | tr | |||
Acyclic (TMA) | 7.6 | 14.7 | |||
p-Menthane (TMM) | 19.8 | 17.4 | |||
Bornane (TMB) | 0.0 | 2.2 | |||
Thujane (TMT) | 0.0 | 0.9 | |||
Pinane (TMP) | tr | 0.4 | |||
Sesquiterpenoids (TS) | 18.7 | 7.4 | |||
Oxygenated | 9.2 | 2.1 | |||
Hydrocarbons | 9.5 | 5.3 | |||
Farnesane (TSF) | 5.7 | 0.1 | |||
Caryophyllane (TSCR) | 3.7 | 0.9 | |||
Eudesmane (TSED) | 3.0 | 1.4 | |||
Cadinane (TSCD) | 0.0 | 2.7 | |||
Germacrane (TSGER) | 1.1 | tr | |||
Eremophylane (TSER) | 1.7 | 0.0 | |||
Salvialane, acorane, bisabolane, aromadendrane, cedrane, gurjunane (TS) | 0.6 | 1.0 | |||
Agarofurane (TSAG) | 1.8 | 0.0 | |||
Humulane (TSH) | 1.1 | 1.3 | |||
Diterpenoids (TD) | 3.4 | 3.6 | |||
Phenylpropanoids (PP) | 0.7 | 1.2 | |||
Fatty acid derived compounds (FAD) | 34.1 | 10.7 | |||
Alkanes (A) | 16.3 | 1.5 | |||
Alkenes (AE) | 5.2 | 0.4 | |||
Aldehydes (AL) | 0.3 | 0.1 | |||
Alcohols (ALC) | 0.9 | tr | |||
“Green leaf” volatiles (GL) | 11.4 | 8.6 | |||
Fatty acids and fatty acid esters (F) | 1.7 | 11.8 | |||
Carotenoid derived compounds (CD) | 3.2 | 14.1 | |||
Maillard reaction products (MRP) | 1.8 | 2.9 | |||
Others | 0.7 | 2.9 |
Taxon (plant part) | Main oil constituent | Ref.1 | Des.2 |
---|---|---|---|
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (leaves) | α-Terpineol (7.8%) | Present study | Obs1 |
Vaccinium vitis-idaea (leaves) | α-Terpineol (17.0%) | Present study | Obs2 |
V. arctostaphylos L. (shoots) | Hexadecanoic acid (27.0%) | [13] | Obs3 |
V. arctostaphylos (aerial parts) | α-Terpineol (15.0%) | [14] | Obs4 |
Rhododendron mucronatum G. don (flowers) | Linolenic acid (39.7%) | [15] | Obs5 |
R. simii Planch. (flowers) | Linolenic acid (36.4%) | [15] | Obs6 |
R. simii (leaves) | Phytol3 (15.2%) | [15] | Obs7 |
R. naamkwanense Merr. (leaves) | 9,12-Octadecatienoic acid (45.3%)4 | [15] | Obs8 |
R. anthopogon D. Don (aerial parts) | α-Pinene (37.4%) | [16] | Obs9 |
R. aureum Georgi. (leaves) | Calarene (34.4%) | [17] | Obs10 |
R. aureum (leaves) | Calarene (66.4%) | [17] | Obs11 |
R. aureum (leaves) | Calarene (26.2%) | [17] | Obs12 |
R. aureum (leaves) | Calarene (41.3%) | [17] | Obs13 |
R. aureum (leaves) | β-Bourbonene (27.4%) | [17] | Obs14 |
R. aureum (leaves) | Calarene (48.8%) | [18] | Obs15 |
R. aureum (leaves) | Calarene (36.2%) | [18] | Obs16 |
R. aureum (leaves) | Calarene (16.2%) | [18] | Obs17 |
R. dauricum L. (leaves) | trans-Caryophyllene (19.1%) | [18] | Obs18 |
R. dauricum (leaves) | γ-Cadinene (17.4%) | [18] | Obs19 |
R. dauricum (leaves) | trans-Caryophyllene (17.0%) | [18] | Obs20 |
R. tomentosum (Stokes) H. Harmaja (leaves) (former name Ledum palustre L.) | Palustrol (22.8%) | [19] | Obs21 |
Ledum palustre L. var. angustum N. Busch | Ascaridole (26.8%) | [20] | Obs22 |
Erica manipuliflora Salisb. (aerial parts) | Heptacosane (19.9%) | [21] | Obs23 |
E. manipuliflora (aerial parts) | 1-Octen-3-ol (16.2%) | [21] | Obs24 |
Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (leaves) | Methyl salicylate (99.2%) | [22] | Obs25 |
G. fragrantissima (steams) | Methyl salicylate (99.5%) | [22] | Obs26 |
G. fragrantissima (flowering twigs) | Methyl salicylate (99.4%) | [22] | Obs27 |
Arbutus unedo L. (leaves) | (E)-2-Decenal (12.0%) | [23] | Obs28 |
3. Experimental
3.1. Plant material
3.2. Isolation of the essential oils
3.3. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
- Sample Availability: Samples of the A. uva-ursi and V. vitis-idaea essential oils are available from the authors.
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Radulović, N.; Blagojević, P.; Palić, R. Comparative Study of the Leaf Volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae). Molecules 2010, 15, 6168-6185. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168
Radulović N, Blagojević P, Palić R. Comparative Study of the Leaf Volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae). Molecules. 2010; 15(9):6168-6185. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadulović, Niko, Polina Blagojević, and Radosav Palić. 2010. "Comparative Study of the Leaf Volatiles of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae)" Molecules 15, no. 9: 6168-6185. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15096168