Effects of Selected Polysorbate and Sucrose Ester Emulsifiers on the Physicochemical Properties of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Particle Diameter Parameters and Zeta-Potential of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions
Emulsifier | Combined fatty acid | HLB |
---|---|---|
Polysorbate 20 | Lauric acid | 16.7 |
Polysorbate 40 | Palmitic acid | 15.6 |
Polysorbate 60 | Stearic acid | 14.9 |
Polysorbate 80 | Oleic acid | 15 |
L-1695 | Lauric acid (95%) | 16 |
P-1570 | Palmitic acid (70%) | 15 |
S-1570 | Stearic acid (70%) | 15 |
OWA-1570 | Oleic acid (70%) | 15 |
Emulsifier | Particle size (nm) | PDI | Zeta Potential (mV) |
---|---|---|---|
Polysorbates | |||
Polysorbate 20 | 75.0 ± 3.2 d | 0.376 ± 0.023 cd | −14.1 ± 0.6 c |
Polysorbate 40 | 83.5 ± 2.6 bc | 0.642 ± 0.037 a | −23.3 ± 2.5 b |
Polysorbate 60 | 139.7 ± 7.2 a | 0.541 ± 0.093 ab | −22.8 ± 2.6 b |
Polysorbate 80 | 160.3 ± 10.0 a | 0.474 ± 0.092 bc | −24.3 ± 4.9 b |
Sucrose esters | |||
L-1695 | 73.1 ± 2.2 d | 0.242 ± 0.030 e | −19.2 ± 1.2 b |
P-1570 | 85.2 ± 2.0 b | 0.281 ± 0.022 e | −21.2 ± 2.0 b |
S-1570 | 143.5 ± 7.4 a | 0.424 ± 0.062 bc | −30.0 ± 2.2 a |
OWA-1570 | 79.8 ±1.2 c | 0.355 ± 0.005 d | −21.0 ± 2.7 b |
2.2. Astaxanthin Loss of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions
Emulsifier | Astaxanthin concentration (mg/L) | Astaxanthin loss (% w/w) | |
---|---|---|---|
After convention homogenization (mg/L) | After evaporation (mg/L) | During high pressure homogenizer and evaporation processes | |
Polysorbate 20 | 710.7 ± 6.4 a | 593.7 ± 3.4 e | 15.98 ± 0.74 B |
Polysorbate 40 | 704.6 ± 3.5 a | 601.0 ± 7.0 e | 14.94 ± 1.14 B |
Polysorbate 60 | 702.1 ± 5.4 a | 596.1 ± 3.0 e | 15.64 ± 0.70 B |
Polysorbate 80 | 706.5 ± 3.3 a | 580.2 ± 2.2 f | 17.89 ± 0.64 A |
L-1695 | 709.7 ± 5.1 a | 601.1 ± 5.5 e | 14.93 ± 0.96 B |
P-1570 | 710.9 ± 5.9 a | 616.3 ± 1.8 c | 12.78 ± 0.61 C |
S-1570 | 706.8 ± 2.9 a | 640.0 ± 2.5 b | 9.43 ± 0.66 D |
OWA-1570 | 701.0 ± 4.8 a | 580.4 ± 3.2 f | 17.86 ± 0.72 A |
3. Experimental
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions
3.3. Analytical Methods
3.3.1. Mean Particle Diameter and Polydispersity Index (PDI)
3.3.2. Zeta-Potential Measurement
3.3.3. Determination of Astaxanthin Content
3.3.3.1. Sample Preparation for Astaxanthin Determination
3.3.3.2. HPLC Analysis
3.4. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
- Sample Availability: Sample of astaxanthin is available from the authors.
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Anarjan, N.; Tan, C.P. Effects of Selected Polysorbate and Sucrose Ester Emulsifiers on the Physicochemical Properties of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions. Molecules 2013, 18, 768-777. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010768
Anarjan N, Tan CP. Effects of Selected Polysorbate and Sucrose Ester Emulsifiers on the Physicochemical Properties of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions. Molecules. 2013; 18(1):768-777. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010768
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnarjan, Navideh, and Chin Ping Tan. 2013. "Effects of Selected Polysorbate and Sucrose Ester Emulsifiers on the Physicochemical Properties of Astaxanthin Nanodispersions" Molecules 18, no. 1: 768-777. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18010768