Efficient Synthesis and Anti-Fungal Activity of Oleanolic Acid Oxime Esters

Abstract

In order to develop potential glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors and anti-fungal agents, twenty five oleanolic acid oxime esters were synthesized in an efficient way. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by MS, HRMS, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR. Preliminary studies based on means of the Elson-Morgan method indicated that many compounds exhibited some inhibitory activity of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS), and the original fungicidal activities results showed that some of the compounds exhibited good fungicidal activities towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Botrytis cinerea Pers at the concentration of 50 µg/mL. These compounds would thus merit further study and development as antifungal agents.

1. Introduction

Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlmS) is the first enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway [1]. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of D-fructose-6P (Fru6P) with glutamine to afford D-glucosamine-6P (GlcN6P) and glutamate. As a checkpoint of UDP-GlcNAc synthesis, it plays a key role in the biosynthesis of the bacterial peptidoglycan, the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, chitin, and mannoproteins of the fungal cell wall [2,3].

The molecular mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase is complex and involves amide bond cleavage followed by ammonia channeling and sugar isomerization [4]. It is an irreversible reaction and the sole biosynthetic route to GlcN-6-P known to date [5,6]. Although the enzyme is also present in mammalian systems, there are substantial differences in physiological consequences of GlcN-6-P synthase inhibition between fungi and mammals, thus it constitutes a firm molecular basis for the selective toxicity of specific enzyme inhibitors. Recently, this enzyme has been proposed as a good and promising target for new antifungal agents [7]. Like the most powerful GlmS inhibitors such as arabinose-5-phosphate oxime, 5-methylenephosphono-D-arabino hydroximino- lactone, N³-(4-methoxyfumaroyl)-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (FMDP) and 2-amino-2-deoxy- D-glucitol-6-phosphate (ADGP), these compounds exhibit very poor, if any, antifungal activity because of the restriction due to the highly inefficient uptake of these compounds by an unidentified active transport system and apparent inability to cross the membrane by free diffusion [8].

Triterpenes are widely distributed in Nature, and they have attracted much attention due to their broad spectrum of biological activities. Oleanolic acid (OA, Figure 1) is one of the most important triterpenes, which has been in active clinical use as an anti-hepatitis drug in China for over 20 years, and possesses some attractive biological activities, including protection of the liver against toxic injury [9,10,11], anti-inflammation [12], anti-HIV [13,14], anti-tumor [15,16], anti-hyperglycemia [17] and anti-cancer [18], etc.

Figure 1. Structure of the entagenic acid (EA) and target compounds (A, B).

Figure 1. Structure of the entagenic acid (EA) and target compounds (A, B).

In 2011, Shimoga et al. reported that entagenic acid (EA, Figure 1) showed a high antibacterial activity against B. cereus and B. subtilis, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 200 μg mL⁻¹ and possessed good glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibition activity in molecular docking studies with minimum docking energy −9.22 kJ mol⁻¹, binding energy −9.28 kJ mol⁻¹ and inhibition constant 1.57e−007. The inhibition constant of streptomycin was 3.86e−005 [19]. As there is a good structural similarity between entagenic acid and oleanolic acid, which possess various important bioactivities [17,20], we rationalized that OA derivatives will have potential GlmS inhibitory activity on the basis of analog synthesis and sub-structure ligation [21]. In an ongoing project for the discovery of novel environmentally friendly antifungal agents from OA derivatives [22], we incorporated the structure of oxime ester, an activity group in the field of pesticides, into oleanolic acid. Twenty five new oleanolic acid oxime esters compounds (A/B, Figure 1) were efficiently synthesized, their enzyme inhibitory activities towards Candida albicans GlcN-6-P synthase and fungicidal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Phytophthora parasitica Dast, Rice blas and Fusarium wilt were evaluated. We report herein the preliminary results of the study.

2. Results and Discussion

2.1. Chemistry

As shown in Figure 1, we envisioned that the target compounds A and B could be synthesized from the intermediates 1 [23] or 2 [24]. As shown in Scheme 1, we envisioned that the target compounds A and B could be synthesized from the synthon 2, and the benzyl group was chosen as the carboxylic acid protective group in order to study the importance of the COOH-group in the biological activity and avoid difficulties in the final deprotection to obtain A.

Scheme 1. Synthetic routes to the compounds A and B.

Scheme 1. Synthetic routes to the compounds A and B.

Reagents and conditions: (a) BnBr, K₂CO₃, DMF, r.t., 4 h, 98% for 3; (b) Ac₂O, PDC, CH₂Cl₂, reflux 3–4 h, 95% for 4, 93% for 5; (c) NH₂OH·HCl, Py, 80 °C, 1 h, 96% for 1, 94% for 2; (d) DCC, CH₂Cl₂, reflux 8–14 h, 84%–93% for A, 70%–90% for B.

Firstly, benzylation of OA with benzyl bromide and K₂CO₃ in DMF provided the benzyl oleanolic acid 3 quantitatively; then oxidation of C-3-OH of 3 with pyridinium dichromate (PDC) in CH₂Cl₂, followed by oximation with NH₂OH·HCl according to the reported method [23] afforded intermediate 2 in 94% yield. Condensation of 2 with substituted carboxylic acids provided the desired benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime esters B. Initially, we tried to synthesize the target compound A from B with Pd/C in MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ at 25 °C in the presence of hydrogen. However, instead of getting the desired compound A, the compound 1 was obtained as the main product, as confirmed by its ¹H-NMR spectrum, showing the characteristic signals identical to the published data [23]. Later on, compound 1 was prepared according to the reported procedures [23], and the target compounds A were obtained directly from 1 in high yields.

The structures of A/B were confirmed from their ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR spectra and HRMS, showing the characteristic signals such as a multiplet at δ 5.08 ppm for CH₂C₆H₅ of B, a single peak at about δ 5.29 ppm for H-12 of A/B. The physical data of the target compounds are given in Table 1.

Table 1. Physical Data of Compounds A and B.

Compd.	R2	Formula	Status	m.p./°C	Yield (%)
A-01	4-Cl-C6H4-	C37H50ClNO4	White foamy solid	98–100	93
A-02	2,4-Cl2-C6H4-	C37H49Cl2NO4	White foamy solid	78–80	90
A-03	3-Cl-C6H4-	C37H50ClNO4	White foamy solid	58–60	91
A-04	4-NO2-C6H4-	C37H50N2O6	White foamy solid	78–80	84
A-05	1-Naphthyl-CH2-	C42H55NO4	White foamy solid	73–75	86
A-06	4-Cl-C6H4OCH2-	C38H52ClNO5	White foamy solid	70–72	87
A-07	2-F-C6H4-	C37H50FNO4	White foamy solid	88–90	80
A-08	4-Br-C6H4-	C37H50BrNO4	White foamy solid	120–122	90
A-09	3-Pyridyl-	C36H50N2O4	White foamy solid	160–162	91
A-10	2-Furan-	C35H49NO5	White foamy solid	96–98	86
B-01	4-Cl-C6H4-	C44H56ClNO4	White foamy solid	72–76	80
B-02	2,4-Cl2-C6H4-	C44H55Cl2NO4	White foamy solid	134–136	83
B-03	3-Cl-C6H4-	C44H56ClNO4	White foamy solid	68–72	79
B-04	4-NO2-C6H4-	C44H56N2O6	White foamy solid	71–74	85
B-05	1-Naphthyl-CH2-	C49H61NO4	White foamy solid	136–138	75
B-06	4-Cl-C6H4OCH2-	C45H58ClNO5	White foamy solid	54–56	72
B-07	2-F-C6H4-	C44H56FNO4	Viscous liquid	—	75
B-08	4-Br-C6H4-	C44H56BrNO4	White foamy solid	74–78	78
B-09	3-Pyridyl-	C43H56N2O4	White foamy solid	70–72	81
B-10	2-Furan-	C42H55NO5	White foamy solid	68–70	71
B-11	3- NO2-C6H4-	C44H56N2O6	White foamy solid	76–80	84
B-12	3,5-( NO2) 2C6H4-	C44H55N3O8	White foamy solid	68–70	90
B-13	2-Cl-C6H4-	C44H56ClNO4	White foamy solid	116–118	76
B-14	2-Pyridyl-	C43H56N2O4	White foamy solid	80–84	79
B-15	C6H5-	C44H57NO4	White foamy solid	78–81	70

Table 1. Physical Data of Compounds A and B.

Compd.	R2	Formula	Status	m.p./°C	Yield (%)
A-01	4-Cl-C6H4-	C37H50ClNO4	White foamy solid	98–100	93
A-02	2,4-Cl2-C6H4-	C37H49Cl2NO4	White foamy solid	78–80	90
A-03	3-Cl-C6H4-	C37H50ClNO4	White foamy solid	58–60	91
A-04	4-NO2-C6H4-	C37H50N2O6	White foamy solid	78–80	84
A-05	1-Naphthyl-CH2-	C42H55NO4	White foamy solid	73–75	86
A-06	4-Cl-C6H4OCH2-	C38H52ClNO5	White foamy solid	70–72	87
A-07	2-F-C6H4-	C37H50FNO4	White foamy solid	88–90	80
A-08	4-Br-C6H4-	C37H50BrNO4	White foamy solid	120–122	90
A-09	3-Pyridyl-	C36H50N2O4	White foamy solid	160–162	91
A-10	2-Furan-	C35H49NO5	White foamy solid	96–98	86
B-01	4-Cl-C6H4-	C44H56ClNO4	White foamy solid	72–76	80
B-02	2,4-Cl2-C6H4-	C44H55Cl2NO4	White foamy solid	134–136	83
B-03	3-Cl-C6H4-	C44H56ClNO4	White foamy solid	68–72	79
B-04	4-NO2-C6H4-	C44H56N2O6	White foamy solid	71–74	85
B-05	1-Naphthyl-CH2-	C49H61NO4	White foamy solid	136–138	75
B-06	4-Cl-C6H4OCH2-	C45H58ClNO5	White foamy solid	54–56	72
B-07	2-F-C6H4-	C44H56FNO4	Viscous liquid	—	75
B-08	4-Br-C6H4-	C44H56BrNO4	White foamy solid	74–78	78
B-09	3-Pyridyl-	C43H56N2O4	White foamy solid	70–72	81
B-10	2-Furan-	C42H55NO5	White foamy solid	68–70	71
B-11	3- NO2-C6H4-	C44H56N2O6	White foamy solid	76–80	84
B-12	3,5-( NO2) 2C6H4-	C44H55N3O8	White foamy solid	68–70	90
B-13	2-Cl-C6H4-	C44H56ClNO4	White foamy solid	116–118	76
B-14	2-Pyridyl-	C43H56N2O4	White foamy solid	80–84	79
B-15	C6H5-	C44H57NO4	White foamy solid	78–81	70

2.2. Bioassay of Enzyme Inhibitory Activities [25,26,27,28]

Inhibitory activity of all the synthesized compounds towards Candida albicans GlcN-6-P synthase was evaluated using the further optimized Elson-Morgan method [25,26,27,29]. The absorption value of the solution was measured at 585 nm, and then the concentration was counted by the specification curve which was determined thanks to the relation between the absorption value and the concentration of glucosamine-6-phosphate. Finally the enzyme inhibition rate was calculated according to formula (1):

(1)

where I is the inhibition rate, M ₀ is the average concentration of glucosamine-6-phosphate in the blank test, and M is the average concentration of glucosamine-6-phosphate in the presence of target compounds. The inhibition rates were given in Table 2 at 0.35 mM.

Many compounds of A series and B series exhibited better enzyme inhibitory activities than OA, but this fact is not as obvious as possible since our work reveals that some compounds B exhibited less activity. Compounds A-02, A-03, B-06, B-12 and B-13 are more active against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase than the other compounds. On the whole, the enzyme inhibitory activity of A series of compounds is superior to the B series, which may be associated with a better structural similarity between EA and the target compounds.

Table 2. Enzyme inhibition rates of compounds A and B at 0.35 mM.

Compd No.	Inhibition Rate (%)	Compd No.	Inhibition Rate (%)
OA	22.4	B-03	19.8
A-01	29.4	B-04	16.2
A-02	37.2	B-05	20.2
A-03	40.8	B-06	34.2
A-04	19.2	B-07	28.2
A-05	30.8	B-08	12.7
A-06	29.1	B-09	19.3
A-07	22.9	B-10	13.2
A-08	24.8	B-11	16.4
A-09	21.0	B-12	33.0
A-10	20.5	B-13	33.1
B-01	8.7	B-14	12.5
B-02	12.2	B-15	13.8

Table 2. Enzyme inhibition rates of compounds A and B at 0.35 mM.

Compd No.	Inhibition Rate (%)	Compd No.	Inhibition Rate (%)
OA	22.4	B-03	19.8
A-01	29.4	B-04	16.2
A-02	37.2	B-05	20.2
A-03	40.8	B-06	34.2
A-04	19.2	B-07	28.2
A-05	30.8	B-08	12.7
A-06	29.1	B-09	19.3
A-07	22.9	B-10	13.2
A-08	24.8	B-11	16.4
A-09	21.0	B-12	33.0
A-10	20.5	B-13	33.1
B-01	8.7	B-14	12.5
B-02	12.2	B-15	13.8

2.3. Bioassay of Fungicidal Activities [28]

Fungicidal activities of the target compounds against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Botrytis cinerea Pers, Phytophthora parasitica Dast, rice blast and fusarium wilt were evaluated using the mycelium growth rate test [28]. The diameter of the mycelia was measured and the inhibition rate was calculated according to formula (2):

(2)

where I is the inhibition rate, D₁ is the average diameter of mycelia in the blank test, and D₀ is the average diameter of mycelia in the presence of target compounds: The inhibition rates of compounds A and B against the six fungi at 50 µg/mL are given in Table 3.

Compounds A–B exhibited more fungicidal activity against R. solani, rice blast and S. sclerotiorum than the other fungi. The fungicidal activity of the B series is better than that of the A series. Compounds A-02, A-03, A-05, B-03, B-06, B-07 and B-09 exhibited good fungicidal activity, consistent with their enzyme inhibitory activities.

Table 3. Inhibition rates of compounds A–B against six fungi.

Compd. No. (CAU2012)	Inhibition rate (%)
	S. sclerotiorum	Phytophthora parasitica Dast	B. cinerea	R. solani	Rice blast	Fusarium wilt
A-01	28.2	1.8	7.8	38.0	31.2	11.7
A-02	61.2	42.1	8.4	36.2	29.5	14.9
A-03	26.5	3.1	7.8	42.7	24.2	3.2
A-04	53.5	49.3	32.1	32.1	49.1	15.8
A-05	28.6	14.2	25.8	73.0	21.0	6.5
A-06	29.0	4.0	20.7	33.5	21.0	7.5
A-07	49.7	67.6	12.4	45.2	33.1	6.1
A-08	27.8	2.0	13.4	18.6	24.2	7.5
A-09	24.8	3.2	1.4	16.6	25.1	6.1
A-10	30.3	2.3	24.9	5.5	27.9	5.1
B-01	71.1	9.4	68.8	79.2	39.3	28.5
B-02	71.1	12.0	49.4	63.5	36.9	30.1
B-03	72.6	23.5	71.1	93.6	78.5	36.7
B-04	68.2	25.9	40.5	41.4	74.3	31.3
B-05	68.9	17.4	66.4	84.1	51.9	28.5
B-06	67.4	18.1	42.9	73.7	55.2	25.9
B-07	73.3	17.7	59.5	86.1	52.5	26.9
B-08	67.8	21.7	59.9	44.1	36.2	31.3
B-09	74.4	25.3	69.1	63.6	68.0	29.2
B-10	68.2	23.5	57.7	54.0	36.0	28.7
B-11	64.5	35.6	45.7	56.6	63.3	21.4
B-12	67.5	28.2	41.4	69.5	53.6	28.2
B-13	66.7	52.2	46.2	51.7	60.0	24.6
B-14	67.1	56.5	62.7	77.6	54.9	30.8
B-15	71.0	38.2	39.0	33.8	85.5	28.7
Chlorothalonil	92.8	94.8	98.2	98.5	89.5	96.2
Sanmate	99.3	68.9	64.7	100	73.7	96.1
OA	20.5	13.5	1.0	25.3	20.1	7.5

Table 3. Inhibition rates of compounds A–B against six fungi.

Compd. No. (CAU2012)	Inhibition rate (%)
	S. sclerotiorum	Phytophthora parasitica Dast	B. cinerea	R. solani	Rice blast	Fusarium wilt
A-01	28.2	1.8	7.8	38.0	31.2	11.7
A-02	61.2	42.1	8.4	36.2	29.5	14.9
A-03	26.5	3.1	7.8	42.7	24.2	3.2
A-04	53.5	49.3	32.1	32.1	49.1	15.8
A-05	28.6	14.2	25.8	73.0	21.0	6.5
A-06	29.0	4.0	20.7	33.5	21.0	7.5
A-07	49.7	67.6	12.4	45.2	33.1	6.1
A-08	27.8	2.0	13.4	18.6	24.2	7.5
A-09	24.8	3.2	1.4	16.6	25.1	6.1
A-10	30.3	2.3	24.9	5.5	27.9	5.1
B-01	71.1	9.4	68.8	79.2	39.3	28.5
B-02	71.1	12.0	49.4	63.5	36.9	30.1
B-03	72.6	23.5	71.1	93.6	78.5	36.7
B-04	68.2	25.9	40.5	41.4	74.3	31.3
B-05	68.9	17.4	66.4	84.1	51.9	28.5
B-06	67.4	18.1	42.9	73.7	55.2	25.9
B-07	73.3	17.7	59.5	86.1	52.5	26.9
B-08	67.8	21.7	59.9	44.1	36.2	31.3
B-09	74.4	25.3	69.1	63.6	68.0	29.2
B-10	68.2	23.5	57.7	54.0	36.0	28.7
B-11	64.5	35.6	45.7	56.6	63.3	21.4
B-12	67.5	28.2	41.4	69.5	53.6	28.2
B-13	66.7	52.2	46.2	51.7	60.0	24.6
B-14	67.1	56.5	62.7	77.6	54.9	30.8
B-15	71.0	38.2	39.0	33.8	85.5	28.7
Chlorothalonil	92.8	94.8	98.2	98.5	89.5	96.2
Sanmate	99.3	68.9	64.7	100	73.7	96.1
OA	20.5	13.5	1.0	25.3	20.1	7.5

3. Experimental

3.1. General Methods

Solvents were purified in the usual way. All reactions were monitored by TLC analysis performed on silica gel HF with detection by charring with 30% (v/v) H₂SO₄ in CH₃OH or by UV detection. Column chromatography was conducted by elution of a column (8 × 100, 16 × 240, 18 × 300, 35 × 400 mm) of silica gel (200–300 mesh) with EtOAc-PE (petroleum ether, b.p. 60–90 °C) as the eluent. NMR spectra (300/75 MHz, δ, ppm) were recorded on a Varian XL-300 spectrometer with TMS as the internal standard. Elemental analysis was performed on a Yanaco CHN Corder MF-3 automatic elemental analyzer. Mass spectra were recorded with a VG PLATFORM mass spectrometer using the electrospray ionization (ESI) mode.

3.2. Chemical Synthesis

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-01). 4-Chlorobenzoic acid (0.66 g, 4.2 mmol) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 1 g, 5 mmol) were successively added to a soln. of oleanate 3-oxime 1 (1.68 g, 3.5 mmol) which was prepared according to the reported method [12] in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL), Then the reaction mixture was refluxed for 8–14 h at the end of which time TLC (4:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) indicated that the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was filtered, the soln. was concentrated, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography (6:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to give the desired product A-01 (1.98 g, 93%) as a white foamy solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00–7.42 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.05–3.01 (m, 1H), 2.85–2.80 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.41 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.13, 1.06, 0.93, 0.90, 0.80 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 184.0 (COOH), 176.4 (COONC), 163.4 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 139.4, 130.9, 130.9, 128.8, 128.8, 128.1 (aromatic carbons), 122.2 (C-12), 55.8, 47.1, 46.6, 45.8, 41.7, 41.0, 39.3, 38.7, 37.1, 33.8, 33.0, 32.4, 32.3, 30.6, 29.7, 27.6, 27.2, 25.8, 23.5, 23.4, 23.2, 22.9, 19.9, 18.9, 17.0, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄: C, 73.06; H, 8.29; N, 2.30. found: C, 73.27; H, 8.05; N, 2.51; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 608.35011, found: 608.34985.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-02). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-02 was obtained in 90% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.00–7.42 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.05–3.01 (m, 1H), 2.85–2.80 (m, 1H), 2.48–2.41 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.13, 1.06, 0.93, 0.90, 0.80 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 184.3 (COOH), 176.5 (COONC), 163.1 (COONC), 143.7 (C-13), 138.2, 134.3, 132.4, 130.8, 128.4, 127.0 (aromatic carbons), 122.2 (C-12), 55.8, 47.1, 46.5, 45.8, 41.6, 40.9, 39.3, 38.7, 37.0, 33.7, 33.0, 32.4, 32.2, 30.6, 29.6, 27.6, 27.0, 25.8, 23.5, 23.4, 23.0, 22.8, 20.2, 18.9, 17.0, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₇H₄₉Cl₂NO₄: C, 69.15; H, 7.68; N, 2.18. found: C, 69.35; H, 7.47; N, 2.33; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 642.31114, found: 642.31079.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-03). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-03 was obtained in 91% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01–7.37 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.06–3.01 (m, 1H), 2.86–2.80 (m, 1H), 2.47–2.45 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.13, 1.07, 0.93, 0.90, 0.80 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 184.3 (COOH), 176.4 (COONC), 163.0 (COONC), 143.7 (C-13), 134.5, 133.0, 131.4, 129.7, 129.4, 127.6 (aromatic carbons), 122.2 (C-12), 55.8, 47.1, 46.5, 45.8, 41.6, 40.9, 39.3, 38.6, 37.0, 33.7, 33.0, 32.4, 32.2, 30.6, 29.6, 27.6, 27.0, 25.8, 23.5, 23.4, 23.0, 22.8, 20.2, 18.9, 17.0, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄: C, 73.06; H, 8.29; N, 2.30. found: C, 73.21; H, 8.43; N, 2.49; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 608.35011, found: 608.34937.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-04). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-04 was obtained in 84% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.33–8.20 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.33 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.07–3.01 (m, 1H), 2.88–2.82 (m, 1H), 2.49–2.43 (m, 1H), 1.36, 1.19, 1.15, 1.07, 0.94, 0.92, 0.83 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.0 (COOH), 172.8 (COONC), 162.3 (COONC), 150.5, 143.3 (C-13), 135.1, 130.5, 130.5, 123.6, 123.6 (aromatic carbons), 122.6 (C-12), 55.8, 48.3, 47.1, 45.6, 41.8, 41.7, 39.4, 38.7, 37.0, 33.6, 32.9, 32.3, 31.9, 30.6, 29.6, 27.4, 27.1, 25.7, 23.5, 23.2, 22.9, 22.6, 20.0, 18.9, 17.1, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₇H₅₀N₂O₆: C, 71.82; H, 8.14; N, 4.53. found: C, 71.97; H, 8.01; N, 4.69; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 619.37416, found: 619.37708.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-05). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-05 was obtained in 86% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.05–7.41(m, 7H, Ar-H), 5.27 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 4.20–4.18 (m, 2H, CH₂), 2.84–2.78 (m, 1H), 2.58–2.53 (m, 1H), 1.25, 1.19, 1.09, 1.04, 0.93, 0.90, 0.74 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 184.2 (COOH), 175.5 (COONC), 169.3 (COONC), 143.6 (C-13), 133.7, 132.0, 130.2, 128.6, 127.9, 126.2, 125.7, 125.6, 125.3, 123.8 (aromatic carbons), 122.2 (C-12), 65.4, 55.7, 47.0, 46.5, 45.7, 41.6, 41.3, 40.9, 39.2, 38.2, 36.8, 33.7, 33.0, 32.3, 32.2, 30.6, 29.6, 27.5, 26.9, 25.8, 23.5, 23.3, 22.8, 19.2, 18.7, 16.9, 14.9 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₂H₅₅NO₄: C, 79.08; H, 8.69; N, 2.20. found: C, 79.24; H, 8.37; N, 2.42; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 638.42039, found: 638.42004.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-06). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-06 was obtained in 87% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.26–6.81 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.72(s, 1H), 2.87–2.82 (m, 1H), 2.30–2.21 (m, 1H), 1.26, 1.24, 1.11, 1.01, 0.93, 0.91, 0.78 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 183.9 (COOH), 175.8 (COONC), 167.8 (COONC), 156.4, 153.1, 143.6 (C-13), 129.3, 126.6, 122.1 (C-12), 116.0, 115.8 (aromatic carbons), 65.4, 55.7, 47.0, 46.4, 45.7, 41.6, 40.9, 39.2, 38.5, 36.9, 33.7, 32.9, 32.5, 32.3, 30.5, 29.6, 27.5, 27.0, 25.7, 23.4, 23.3, 22.9, 22.8, 19.4, 18.8, 16.9, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₈H₅₂ClNO₅: C, 71.51; H, 8.21; N, 2.19. found: C, 71.35; H, 8.39; N, 2.35; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 638.36068, found: 638.35919.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-07). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-07 was obtained in 80% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.05–7.11(m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.12–3.07 (m, 1H), 2.85–2.82 (m, 1H), 2.49–2.38 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.13, 1.06, 0.93, 0.90, 0.80 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 184.5 (COOH), 176.1 (COONC), 163.1 (COONC), 143.6 (C-13), 134.3, 132.2, 124.0, 122.2 (C-12), 118.0, 116.9, 116.6 (aromatic carbons), 55.7, 47.0, 46.5, 45.7, 41.4, 40.9, 39.2, 38.6, 36.9, 33.7, 32.9, 32.3, 32.2, 30.5, 29.6, 27.5, 27.1, 25.7, 23.4, 23.3, 23.0, 22.7, 19.9, 18.8, 16.9, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₇H₅₀FNO₄: C, 75.09; H, 8.52; N, 2.37. found: C, 75.29; H, 8.38; N, 2.16; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 592.37966, found: 592.37909.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-08). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-08 was obtained in 90% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.95–7.58 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.05–3.00 (m, 1H), 2.86–2.81 (m, 1H), 2.44–2.42 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.13, 1.06, 0.90, 0.88, 0.80 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 184.3 (COOH), 176.4 (COONC), 163.5 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 131.9, 131.8, 131.0, 131.0, 128.6, 128.1 (aromatic carbons), 122.3 (C-12), 55.8, 47.2, 45.8, 41.7, 41.6, 41.0, 39.4, 38.7, 37.1, 33.8, 33.0, 32.4, 31.9, 30.7, 29.7, 27.6, 27.2, 25.9, 23.6, 23.5, 23.2, 22.7, 19.9, 19.0, 17.0, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₇H₅₀BrNO₄: C, 68.09; H, 7.72; N, 2.15. found: C, 68.39; H, 7.46; N, 2.35; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 652.29960, found: 652.30011.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-09). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-09 was obtained in 91% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.25–7.44 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.08–3.03 (m, 1H), 2.90–2.84 (m, 1H), 2.48–2.41 (m, 1H), 1.35, 1.21, 1.14, 1.07, 0.94, 0.91, 0.82 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 183.1 (COOH), 176.7 (COONC), 162.7 (COONC), 153.0, 150.1, 143.9 (C-13), 137.3, 125.9, 123.6 (aromatic carbons), 122.0 (C-12), 55.7, 47.1, 46.4, 45.8, 41.6, 41.0, 39.2, 38.6, 37.0, 33.6, 33.0, 32.4, 32.2, 30.6, 29.6, 27.6, 27.1, 25.8, 23.5, 23.4, 23.1, 22.9, 19.9, 18.9, 16.9, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₆H₅₀N₂O₄: C, 75.22; H, 8.77; N, 4.87. found: C, 75.07; H, 8.64; N, 4.63; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 575.38433, found: 575.38373.

Oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (A-10). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize A-01. A white foamy solid A-10 was obtained in 86% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.63–6.47 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 3.07–3.02 (m, 1H), 2.87–2.81 (m, 1H), 2.48–2.42 (m, 1H), 1.33, 1.17, 1.13, 1.05, 0.93, 0.90, 0.80 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 183.8 (COOH), 176.2 (COONC), 156.6 (COONC), 146.4, 143.8, 143.7 (C-13), 122.1(C-12), 118.0, 111.7 (aromatic carbons), 55.7, 47.1, 46.5, 45.8, 41.5, 40.9, 39.3, 38.6, 37.0, 33.7, 33.0, 32.5, 32.3, 30.6, 30.6, 27.6, 27.1, 25.5, 23.5, 23.4, 23.1, 22.8, 19.7, 18.9, 17.0, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₃₅H₄₉NO₅: C, 74.57; H, 8.76; N, 2.48. found: C, 74.42; H, 8.91; N, 2.25; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 564.36835, found: 564.36804.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-01). 4-Chlorobenzoic acid (0.66 g, 4.2 mmol) and DCC (1 g, 5 mmol) were successively added to a soln. of benzyl oleanate 3-oxime 2 (2.00 g, 3.5 mmol) which was prepared according to the reported method [13] in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL), Then the reaction mixture was refluxed for 8–14 h at the end of which time TLC (6:1 petroleum ether-EtOAc) indicated that the reaction was complete. The reaction mixture was filtered, the soln was concentrated, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography (8:1 petroleum ether-EtOAc) to give the desired product B-01 (1.98 g, 80%) as a white foamy solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01–7.31 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.89 (m, 2H), 2.47–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.12, 1.03, 0.92, 0.89, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 176.4 (COONC), 163.3 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 139.4, 134.4, 130.8, 130.8, 128.8, 128.8, 128.4, 128.4, 128.4, 128.1, 127.9, 127.9 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.9, 55.7, 47.1, 46.7, 45.8, 41.7, 41.5, 41.4, 39.3, 38.7, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.2, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 19.8, 18.9, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆ClNO₄: C, 75.67; H, 8.08; N, 2.01. found: C, 75.52; H, 8.33; N, 2.17; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 698.39706, found: 698.39526.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-02). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-02 was obtained in 83% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.80–7.29 (m, 8H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.89 (m, 2H), 2.48–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.32, 1.18, 1.12, 1.01, 0.92, 0.89, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.4 (COOBn), 176.6 (COONC), 163.1 (COONC), 143.9 (C-13), 138.2, 136.4, 134.3, 132.4, 130.8, 128.5, 128.4, 128.4, 128.0, 128.0, 127.9, 127.1 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.9, 55.9, 47.1, 46.7, 45.8, 41.8, 41.7, 41.4, 39.3, 38.8, 37.0, 33.9, 33.1, 32.4, 32.3, 30.7, 27.6, 27.1, 25.8, 23.6, 23.5, 23.1, 23.0, 20.2, 19.0, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₅Cl₂NO₄: C, 72.11; H, 7.56; N, 1.91. found: C, 72.31; H, 7.49; N, 1.77; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 732.35809, found: 732.35529.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-03). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-03 was obtained in 79% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.01–7.32 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.88 (m, 2H), 2.48–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.19, 1.12, 1.02, 0.92, 0.89, 0.65 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 176.6 (COONC), 163.0 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 136.3, 134.5, 133.0, 131.4, 129.8, 129.4, 128.4, 128.4, 127.9, 127.9, 127.9, 127.6 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.9, 55.7, 47.1, 46.7, 45.8, 41.7, 41.6, 41.4, 39.3, 38.7, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.1, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 19.9, 18.9, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆ClNO₄: C, 75.67; H, 8.08; N, 2.01. found: C, 75.52; H, 8.27; N, 2.27; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 698.39706, found: 698.39697.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-04). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-04 was obtained in 85% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.87–7.29 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.31 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.06–2.90 (m, 2H), 2.50–2.48 (m, 1H), 1.35, 1.21, 1.12, 1.04, 0.92, 0.90, 0.65 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.2 (COOBn), 177.1 (COONC), 162.1 (COONC), 148.2, 143.8 (C-13), 136.3, 135.1, 131.5, 129.7, 128.3, 128.3, 127.9, 127.9, 127.8, 127.3, 124.2 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.8, 55.7, 47.1, 46.7, 45.8, 41.7, 41.6, 41.4, 39.3, 38.6, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.2, 25.7, 23.5, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 20.0, 18.9, 16.8, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆N₂O₆: C, 74.55; H, 7.96; N, 3.95. found: C, 74.40; H, 7.79; N, 3.65; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 709.42111, found: 709.42096.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-05). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-05 was obtained in 75% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.04–7.23 (m, 12H, Ar-H), 5.28 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.06 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 4.19 (s, 2 H, CH₂C=O), 2.93–2.87 (m, 1H), 2.57–2.50 (m, 1H), 1.19, 1.08, 1.04, 0.92, 0.89, 0.89, 0.60 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 175.6 (COONC), 169.3 (COONC), 143.7 (C-13), 136.3, 133.7, 132.0, 130.2, 128.6, 128.5, 128.3, 127.9, 127.9, 127.8, 127.8, 126.2, 125.7, 125.6, 125.3, 123.8 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.8, 55.7, 47.0, 46.6, 45.7, 41.7, 41.3, 41.3, 39.2, 38.5, 38.2, 36.8, 36.8, 33.8, 33.0, 32.2, 30.6, 27.5, 26.9, 25.7, 23.6, 23.3, 22.9, 22.9, 19.3, 18.8, 16.7, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₉H₆₁NO₄: C, 80.84; H, 8.45; N, 1.92. found: C, 80.69; H, 8.68; N, 1.69; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 728.46734, found: 728.46869.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-06). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-06 was obtained in 72% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.36–6.85 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 4.82 (s, 2 H, CH₂C=O), 2.94–2.82 (m, 2H), 2.32–2.26 (m, 1H), 1.23, 1.12, 1.11, 0.98, 0.92, 0.90, 0.63 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 176.0 (COONC), 167.9 (COONC), 156.5, 143.7 (C-13), 136.3, 129.4, 129.4, 128.4, 128.4, 127.9, 127.9, 127.9, 126.6, 122.1 (C-12), 116.1, 116.1 (aromatic carbons), 65.9, 65.4, 55.8, 47.1, 46.7, 45.7, 41.7, 41.5, 41.3, 39.2, 38.6, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 30.6, 30.6, 27.5, 27.0, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.0, 23.0, 19.4, 18.9, 16.8, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₅H₅₈ClNO₅: C, 74.20; H, 8.03; N, 1.92. found: C, 74.06; H, 8.29; N, 1.72; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 728.40763, found: 728.40668.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-07). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-07 was obtained in 75% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.80–7.27 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.89 (m, 2H), 2.47–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.33, 1.18, 1.11, 1.01, 0.92, 0.89, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.0 (COOBn), 176.0 (COONC), 162.2 (COONC), 143.5 (C-13), 136.2, 132.6, 132.1, 128.2, 128.2, 128.2, 127.7, 127.7, 127.7, 123.9, 121.9 (C-12), 116.8, 116.5 (aromatic carbons), 65.6, 55.6, 46.9, 46.4, 45.5, 41.5, 41.2, 41.2, 39.0, 38.5, 36.7, 33.6, 32.9, 32.1, 32.1, 30.4, 27.3, 26.9, 25.5, 23.4, 23.2, 22.9, 22.8, 19.8, 18.7, 16.6, 14.8 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆FNO₄: C, 77.50; H, 8.28; N, 2.05. found: C, 77.41; H, 8.41; N, 2.25; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 682.42661, found: 682.42645.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-08). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-08 was obtained in 78% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.93–7.26 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.89 (m, 2H), 2.44–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.33, 1.19, 1.11, 1.02, 0.91, 0.89, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.2 (COOBn), 176.3 (COONC), 163.4 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 136.3, 131.7, 131.7, 130.9, 130.9, 128.6, 128.3, 128.3, 128.0, 127.9, 127.9, 127.8 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.8, 55.7, 47.0, 46.6, 45.7, 41.7, 41.5, 41.4, 39.3, 38.6, 36.9, 33.7, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.2, 25.7, 23.5, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 19.8, 18.9, 16.8, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆BrNO₄: C, 71.14; H, 7.60; N, 1.89. found: C, 71.35; H, 7.53; N, 1.60; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 742.34655, found: 742.34674.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-09). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-09 was obtained in 81% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.25–7.28 (m, 8H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.06–2.89(m, 2H), 2.48–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.20, 1.12, 1.03, 0.92, 0.90, 0.65 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.2 (COOBn), 176.7 (COONC), 162.8 (COONC), 153.3, 150.5, 143.7 (C-13), 136.9, 136.3, 128.3, 128.3, 127.9, 127.9, 127.8, 125.7, 123.4 (aromatic carbons), 122.0 (C-12), 65.8, 55.7, 47.0, 46.6, 45.7, 41.7, 41.6, 41.4, 39.2, 38.6, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.2, 30.6, 27.5, 27.1, 25.7, 23.5, 23.4, 23.1, 23.0, 19.9, 18.9, 16.8, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₃H₅₆N₂O₄: C, 77.67; H, 8.49; N, 4.21. found: C, 77.73; H, 8.62; N, 4.03; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 665.43128, found: 665.43182.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-10). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-10 was obtained in 71% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.60–6.51(m, 8H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.06–2.88 (m, 2H), 2.43–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.32, 1.25, 1.11, 1.02, 0.92, 0.89, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 176.3 (COONC), 156.6 (COONC), 146.4, 143.8, 143.7 (C-13), 136.4, 128.4, 128.4, 128.0, 128.0, 127.9, 122.1 (C-12), 118.0, 111.8 (aromatic carbons), 65.9, 55.7, 47.1, 46.7, 45.8, 41.7, 41.5, 41.4, 39.3, 38.7, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.2, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 19.8, 18.9, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₂H₅₅NO₅: C, 77.15; H, 8.48; N, 2.14. found: C, 77.01; H, 8.30; N, 2.27; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 654.41530, found: 654.41504.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester(B-11). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-11 was obtained in 84% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.86–7.28 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.06–2.90 (m, 2H), 2.50–2.48 (m, 1H), 1.35, 1.21, 1.12, 1.04, 0.92, 0.90, 0.65 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.2 (COOBn), 177.1 (COONC), 162.1 (COONC), 148.2, 143.7 (C-13), 136.3, 135.1, 131.4, 129.7, 128.3, 128.3, 127.9, 127.9, 127.8, 127.3, 124.2 (aromatic carbons), 122.0 (C-12), 65.8, 55.7, 47.0, 46.6, 45.7, 41.7, 41.6, 41.4, 39.2, 38.6, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.2, 30.6, 27.5, 27.2, 25.7, 23.4, 23.4, 23.2, 22.9, 20.0, 19.0, 16.7, 15.0 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆N₂O₆: C, 74.55; H, 7.96; N, 3.95. found: C, 74.30; H, 7.88; N, 3.68; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 709.42111, found: 709.42267.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-12). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-12 was obtained in 90% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.24–7.28 (m, 8H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.88 (m, 2H), 2.54–2.51 (m, 1H), 1.35, 1.22, 1.13, 1.05, 0.92, 0.90, 0.65 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 178.0 (COOBn), 177.3 (COONC), 160.3 (COONC), 148.7, 143.8 (C-13), 136.3, 133.4, 129.2, 129.2, 128.4, 128.4, 128.0, 128.0, 127.9, 127.9, 122.3 (aromatic carbons), 122.0 (C-12), 65.9, 55.7, 47.1, 46.7, 45.8, 41.9, 41.7, 41.4, 39.3, 38.6, 37.0, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.1, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 20.2, 18.9, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₅N₃O₈: C, 70.10; H, 7.35; N, 5.57. found: C, 70.43; H, 7.31; N, 5.85; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 754.40619, found: 754.40375.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-13). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-13 was obtained in 76% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 7.82–7.30 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.29 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.07–2.88 (m, 2H), 2.42–2.32 (m, 1H), 1.32, 1.18, 1.12, 1.01, 0.92, 0.89, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 176.4 (COONC), 163.9 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 136.3, 133.1, 132.3, 131.3, 130.8, 130.2, 128.4, 128.4, 127.9, 127.9, 127.9, 126.6 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.9, 55.8, 47.1, 46.7, 45.7, 41.7, 41.6, 41.4, 39.2, 38.8, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.0, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.1, 23.0, 20.1, 18.9, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₆ClNO₄: C, 75.67; H, 8.08; N, 2.01. found: C, 75.55; H, 8.12; N, 2.32; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 698.39706, found: 698.39709.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-14). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-14 was obtained in 79% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.80–7.27 (m, 9H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.04–2.89 (m, 2H), 2.47–2.33 (m, 1H), 1.34, 1.20, 1.12, 1.03, 0.92, 0.90, 0.64 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.1 (COOBn), 176.9 (COONC), 162.5 (COONC), 150.4, 150.4, 143.7 (C-13), 136.8, 136.2, 128.2, 128.2, 128.2, 127.8, 127.8, 127.7, 122.6 (aromatic carbons), 121.9 (C-12), 65.7, 55.6, 46.9, 46.5, 45.6, 41.6, 41.5, 41.2, 39.1, 38.5, 36.8, 33.6, 32.9, 32.1, 32.1, 30.5, 27.4, 27.0, 25.6, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 22.8, 19.8, 18.8, 16.6, 14.9 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₃H₅₆N₂O₄: C, 77.67; H, 8.49; N, 4.21. found: C, 77.35; H, 8.53; N, 4.02; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 665.43128, found: 665.43146.

Benzyl oleanolic acid 3-oxime ester (B-15). The reaction was run similarly to that used to synthesize B-01. A white foamy solid B-15 was obtained in 70% yield. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.07–7.32 (m, 10H, Ar-H), 5.30 (br s, 1 H, H-12), 5.08 (dd, 2H, J = 12.5, 17.4 Hz, Ar-CH₂), 3.08–2.88 (m, 2H), 2.47–2.31 (m, 1H), 1.35, 1.19, 1.12, 1.03, 0.92, 0.89, 0.65 (s, 7 × 3H, CH₃); ¹³C-NMR (CDCl₃): 177.3 (COOBn), 176.2 (COONC), 164.2 (COONC), 143.8 (C-13), 136.3, 132.9, 129.7, 129.4, 129.4, 128.4, 128.4, 128.4, 128.4, 127.9, 127.9, 127.9 (aromatic carbons), 122.1 (C-12), 65.9, 55.7, 47.1, 46.7, 45.7, 41.7, 41.5, 41.4, 39.3, 38.7, 36.9, 33.8, 33.0, 32.3, 32.3, 30.6, 27.5, 27.1, 25.7, 23.6, 23.4, 23.2, 23.0, 19.8, 18.9, 16.8, 15.1 (7 × CH₃); Anal. Calcd for C₄₄H₅₇NO₄: C, 79.60; H, 8.65; N, 2.11. found: C, 79.55; H, 8.83; N, 2.38; HRMS calcd for C₃₇H₅₀ClNO₄ (M+H)⁺: 664.43606, found: 664.43500.

3.3. Enzyme Inhibitory Activities Bioassay

Inhibitory activity of all the synthesized compounds towards Candida albicans GlcN-6-P synthase was determined. The Candida albicans GFA1 gene encoding the enzyme was PCR amplified and cloned to a yeast expression vector pYES2.0, then induced expression using glactose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used the further optimized Elson-Morgan method [14,15,16,17] to determine the activity of the enzyme from pyrophosphate extract in the presence of the synthesized compounds.

Assays were performed in potassium phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH7.0). Incubation mixture (0.4 mL volume) consisted of 15 mM D-Fru-6-P, 10 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM EDTA, 0.35 mM compounds. Following preincubation at 37 °C for 10 min, the enzymatic reaction was initiated by the addition of 0.02 unit of GlmS. The mixture was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. Enzymatic reaction was terminated by boiling for 1 min. Aliquots of 0.2 mL of saturated NaHCO₃ solution and 0.1 mL acetic anhydride/acetone mixture (10%v/v, prepared freshly before use) were added and the mixture was incubated at room temperature for 3 min. The acetylation was stopped by boiling for 3 min, followed by cooling on ice. An aliquot of 0.2 mL of 0.8 M K₂B₄O₇ solution, pH 9.2, was added, the mixture was incubated at 100 °C for 3 min and cooled on ice. A 5 mL portion of the Elson-Morgan reagent (1 g of 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde dissolved in 100 mL of glacial acetic acid, containing 1.25 mL of concentrated HCl) was added and the resulting mixture was incubated for 20 min at 37 °C. Three replicates were performed. Absorbance at λ = 585 nm was measured and GlcN-6-P concentration in the sample was read from the standard curve [solutions of glucosamine-HCl (0.1–1 mM) were assayed simultaneously, to obtain a standard line from the plot of extinction against concentration of glucosamine]. In each experiment, two control samples, one without enzyme and one without substrates, were assayed in the same way.

3.4. Fungicidal Activity Bioassay

The mycelium growth rate test was used [18]. The culture media, with known concentration of the test compounds, were obtained by mixing the soln of compounds A–B in methanol with potato dextrose agar (PDA), on which fungus cakes were placed. The blank test was made using methanol. The culture was carried out at 24 ± 0.5 °C. Three replicates were performed.

4. Conclusions

Twenty five oleanolic acid 3-oxime esters were designed and efficiently synthesized. The bioassays showed that they had inhibitory activities against glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase, and at the same time, they also exhibited some fungicidal activity against six tested fungi. Although the enzyme inhibitory activities of the target compound are not very obvious compared with the parent compound (OA), they exhibited much more fungicidal activity than the latter. All the compounds exhibited better fungicidal activity against R. solani and S. sclerotiorum. Further studies are in progress.