Eurycomanone and Eurycomanol from Eurycoma longifolia Jack as Regulators of Signaling Pathways Involved in Proliferation, Cell Death and Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
2.1.1. Eurycomanone and Eurycomanol Specifically Affect Cancer Cell Viability and Proliferation
Cells | Compound | 8 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K562 | Eurycomanone | >150 µM | 48.92 µM | 4.25 µM | 5.7 µM |
Eurycomanol | >150 µM | >150 µM | 39.78 µM | 46.4 µM | |
Jurkat | Eurycomanone | >150 µM | 40.2 µM | 5.7 µM | 6.2 µM |
Eurycomanol | >150 µM | >150 µM | 118.6 µM | 90.7 µM |
Cells | Compound | 8 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K562 | Eurycomanone | >150 µM | >150 µM | >150 µM | 14.2 µM |
Eurycomanol | >200 µM | >200 µM | >200 µM | 143.8 µM | |
Jurkat | Eurycomanone | >150 µM | >150 µM | 9.58 µM | 5.89 µM |
Eurycomanol | >150 µM | >150 µM | 102.1 µM | 93.9 µM |
Compound | Inhibition of Cell Viability at 24 h (µM) | Inhibition of Cell Proliferation at 72 h (µM) | Inhibition of NF-κB Activity at 8 h (µM) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Eurycomanol | >150 | 143.8 | 35.6 | present study |
Eurycomanone | 48.92 | 14.2 | 6.6 | present study |
4-Hydroxychalcone | 31 | nd | 24 | [9] |
4-Methoxychalcone | 35 | nd | 29 | [9] |
Altersolanol A | 4 | 1 | 0.8 | [20] |
Butein | 13 | nd | 38 | [9] |
Embellicine A | 2.9 | nd | 3 | [19] |
Embellicine B | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | [19] |
Flavokawain C | 13 | nd | 8 | [9] |
Goniothalamin | >20 | nd | 7 | [12] |
Homobutein | 29 | nd | 38 | [9] |
Isoliquiritigenin | 44 | nd | 32 | [9] |
Phloretin | 59 | nd | 41 | [9] |
Tetraacetylaltersolanol | 2.5 | nd | 4.6 | [20] |
2.1.2. Eurycomanone and Eurycomanol Inhibit TNFα-Induced NF-κB Pathway Activation
2.1.3. Eurycomanone Inhibits TNFα-Dependent Degradation of IκBα and Prevents p50/p65 Nuclear Translocation
2.1.4. Eurycomanone Inhibits MAPK Activation
2.2. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Plant Material
3.2. Isolation of Pure Compounds
3.3. Cell Culture
3.4. Cell Viability Assessment
3.5. Proliferation Assay
3.6. Analysis of Nuclear Fragmentation
3.7. Cell Cycle Analysis
3.8. Transient Transfection and Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay
3.9. Extraction of Cellular Proteins
3.10. Western Blot Analysis
3.11. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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- Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors.
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Hajjouli, S.; Chateauvieux, S.; Teiten, M.-H.; Orlikova, B.; Schumacher, M.; Dicato, M.; Choo, C.-Y.; Diederich, M. Eurycomanone and Eurycomanol from Eurycoma longifolia Jack as Regulators of Signaling Pathways Involved in Proliferation, Cell Death and Inflammation. Molecules 2014, 19, 14649-14666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914649
Hajjouli S, Chateauvieux S, Teiten M-H, Orlikova B, Schumacher M, Dicato M, Choo C-Y, Diederich M. Eurycomanone and Eurycomanol from Eurycoma longifolia Jack as Regulators of Signaling Pathways Involved in Proliferation, Cell Death and Inflammation. Molecules. 2014; 19(9):14649-14666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914649
Chicago/Turabian StyleHajjouli, Shéhérazade, Sébastien Chateauvieux, Marie-Hélène Teiten, Barbora Orlikova, Marc Schumacher, Mario Dicato, Chee-Yan Choo, and Marc Diederich. 2014. "Eurycomanone and Eurycomanol from Eurycoma longifolia Jack as Regulators of Signaling Pathways Involved in Proliferation, Cell Death and Inflammation" Molecules 19, no. 9: 14649-14666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190914649