Residue Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Prochloraz and Its Metabolite 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Apple
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Validation of Derivatization Percent
2.2. Recovery Study
2.3. Residue Dynamics of Prochloraz in Apple
2.4. Residue Dynamics of 2,4,6-TCP in Apple
2.5. Determination of Prochloraz Residue of Apple Samples in Hefei Market
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Instruments
3.2. Postharvest Treatment and Storage
3.3. Sample Extraction, Clean up, and Gas Chromatograpy (GC) Analysis
3.3.1. Sample Preparation
3.3.2. Extraction and Derivatization Process for Prochloraz Determination
3.3.3. Sample Treatment for 2,4,6-TCP Determination
3.3.4. GC Condition
3.4. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds prochloraz and 2,4,6-TCP are available from the authors. |
Concentration (mg·kg−1) | Derivatization Percent (%) | Average Percent (%) | RSD a (%) |
---|---|---|---|
0.1 | 94.9 | 101.0 | 4.2 |
0.2 | 106.7 | ||
0.8 | 102.2 | ||
1.0 | 100.2 |
Analyte | Sample | Spiked Level (mg·kg−1) | Recovery (%) | CV a (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Prochloraz | apple fruit | 0.2 | 103.4 | 2.85 |
1.0 | 109.2 | 3.49 | ||
2.0 | 113.7 | 7.00 | ||
apple pulp | 0.2 | 114.4 | 1.55 | |
1.0 | 111.9 | 4.46 | ||
2.0 | 82.9 | 5.71 | ||
apple peel | 0.25 | 93.9 | 8.61 | |
1.0 | 85.1 | 5.07 | ||
5.0 | 87.4 | 3.52 | ||
2,4,6-TCP | apple fruit | 0.02 | 85.0 | 5.19 |
0.2 | 89.8 | 0.70 | ||
2.0 | 87.8 | 0.65 | ||
apple pulp | 0.02 | 109.1 | 1.56 | |
0.2 | 84.7 | 2.14 | ||
2.0 | 86.7 | 4.59 |
Sample | Treatment | Equation | T1/2 (d) a | R2 b |
---|---|---|---|---|
Apple fruit | 2 °C 2.0 g/L | C = 5.8001 × e−0.010t | 69.3 | 0.9036 |
2 °C 1.0 g/L | C = 3.9000 × e−0.010t | 69.3 | 0.9505 | |
20 °C 2.0 g/L | C = 3.8852 × e−0.011t | 63.0 | 0.9195 | |
20 °C 1.0 g/L | C = 3.3800 × e−0.012t | 57.8 | 0.9739 | |
Apple peel | 2 °C 2.0 g/L | C = 20.953 × e−0.008t | 86.6 | 0.7495 |
2 °C 1.0 g/L | C = 18.970 × e−0.009t | 77.0 | 0.8644 | |
20 °C 2.0 g/L | C = 18.184 × e−0.010t | 69.3 | 0.9478 | |
20 °C 1.0 g/L | C = 13.123 × e−0.011t | 63.0 | 0.8646 |
Number | Measured ± SD (mg·kg−1) | Number | Measured ± SD (mg·kg−1) | Number | Measured ± SD (mg·kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | <LOD a | 8 | <LOD | 15 | <LOD |
2 | <LOD | 9 | <LOD | 16 | 0.86 ± 0.03 |
3 | 0.86 ± 0.01 | 10 | 0.49 ± 0.02 | 17 | <LOD |
4 | <LOD | 11 | 0.33 ± 0.02 | 18 | <LOD |
5 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 12 | 0.65 ± 0.05 | 19 | <LOD |
6 | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 13 | <LOD | 20 | <LOD |
7 | <LOD | 14 | <LOD |
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Fang, Q.; Yao, G.; Shi, Y.; Ding, C.; Wang, Y.; Wu, X.; Hua, R.; Cao, H. Residue Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Prochloraz and Its Metabolite 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Apple. Molecules 2017, 22, 1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101780
Fang Q, Yao G, Shi Y, Ding C, Wang Y, Wu X, Hua R, Cao H. Residue Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Prochloraz and Its Metabolite 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Apple. Molecules. 2017; 22(10):1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101780
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang, Qingkui, Gengyou Yao, Yanhong Shi, Chenchun Ding, Yi Wang, Xiangwei Wu, Rimao Hua, and Haiqun Cao. 2017. "Residue Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Prochloraz and Its Metabolite 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Apple" Molecules 22, no. 10: 1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101780
APA StyleFang, Q., Yao, G., Shi, Y., Ding, C., Wang, Y., Wu, X., Hua, R., & Cao, H. (2017). Residue Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Prochloraz and Its Metabolite 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Apple. Molecules, 22(10), 1780. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101780