Interactions of Bromocarbazoles with Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fluorescence Spectrum
2.3. UV-Vis Absorbance Spectrum
2.4. Synchronous and 3D Fluorescence Spectra Measurements
2.5. CD Spectra
2.6. F.T-IR Spectrum Experiments
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fluorescence Quenching Mechanisms of 1,3,6,8-Tetrabromocarbazole and 3-Bromocarbazole Binding to HSA
3.2. Binding Constants and Location
3.3. Thermodynamic Parameters and Interaction Modes
3.4. Study of Conformational Changes of HSA
3.5. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
System | T (K) | KSV ± SD b (× 105·M−1) | Kq (× 1013·M−1·s−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
298 | 5.55 ± 0.02 | 5.55 | 0.998 | |
HSA-3-bromocarbazole | 303 | 6.57 ± 0.01 | 6.57 | 0.999 |
308 | 7.13 ± 0.01 | 7.13 | 0.997 | |
298 | 5.43 ± 0.03 | 5.43 | 0.999 | |
HSA-1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole | 303 | 4.81 ± 0.04 | 4.81 | 0.998 |
308 | 4.40 ± 0.03 | 4.40 | 0.999 |
Compound | T(K) | Ka ± SDb (×105·M−1) | n | R2 | ΔH (kJ·mol−1) | ΔG (kJ·mol−1) | ΔS (J·mol−1·K−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HSA-3-bromocarbazole | 298 | 2.18 ± 0.39 | 0.956 | 0.978 | −30.49 | ||
303 | 2.67 ± 0.15 | 0.847 | 0.988 | 24.65 | −31.41 | 185.02 | |
308 | 3.01 ± 0.20 | 0.78 | 0.984 | −32.33 | |||
HAS-1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole | 298 | 3.39 ± 0.40 | 0.703 | 0.948 | −31.57 | ||
303 | 3.05 ± 0.14 | 0.866 | 0.993 | −19.06 | −31.78 | 41.96 | |
308 | 2.64 ± 0.14 | 0.870 | 0.993 | −31.99 |
System | Site Marker | Ka± SDb (×105 M−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
HSA-3-bromocarbazole | Blank | 2.18 ± 0.39 | 0.978 |
PB | 1.92 ± 0.15 | 0.993 | |
FA | 1.15 ± 0.17 | 0.983 | |
Dig | 1.62 ± 0.26 | 0.976 | |
HSA-1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole | Blank | 3.39 ± 0.40 | 0.948 |
PB | 3.31 ± 0.19 | 0.989 | |
FA | 2.78 ± 0.10 | 0.999 | |
Dig | 3.12 ± 0.33 | 0.997 |
Sample | Secondary Structure (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
α-Helix | β-Sheet | β-Turn | Random Coil | |
Only HSA | 48.8 | 20.7 | 15.2 | 16.0 |
HSA + 3-bromocarbazole (1:1) | 42.0 | 26.7 | 15.7 | 15.7 |
HSA + 3-bromocarbazole (1:2) | 34.1 | 33.7 | 16.9 | 15.3 |
HSA + 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1:1) | 41.8 | 26.8 | 14.9 | 16.6 |
HSA + 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1:2) | 38.9 | 27.8 | 16.6 | 16.7 |
Compound | Peaks | Peaks Position λex/λem (nm/nm) | Stokes Δλ (nm) | Intensity |
---|---|---|---|---|
Only HSA | Peak 1 | 280.0/348.0 | 68.0 | 619.2 |
Peak 2 | 230.0/334.0 | 104.0 | 575.7 | |
HSA-3-bromocarbazole | Peak 1 | 280.0/338.0 | 58.0 | 499.8 |
Peak 2 | 230.0/328.0 | 98.0 | 505.5 | |
HSA-1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole | Peak 1 | 280.0/338.0 | 62.0 | 545.3 |
Peak 2 | 230.0/330.0 | 100.0 | 553.2 |
Compound | E (%) | J (cm3·L·mol−1) | R0 (nm) | r (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
HSA-3-bromocarbazole | 9.96 | 1.04×10−14 | 2.34 | 2.23 |
HSA-1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole | 7.55 | 0.90×10−14 | 2.28 | 2.27 |
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Yan, X.; Yuan, D.; Pan, D. Interactions of Bromocarbazoles with Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Methods. Molecules 2018, 23, 3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123120
Yan X, Yuan D, Pan D. Interactions of Bromocarbazoles with Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Methods. Molecules. 2018; 23(12):3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123120
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Xiaodan, Dongjie Yuan, and Dandan Pan. 2018. "Interactions of Bromocarbazoles with Human Serum Albumin Using Spectroscopic Methods" Molecules 23, no. 12: 3120. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123120