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Article

Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) Leaves with Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology

by
Li Zhang
1,2,
Pengzhan Liu
3,
Linlin Li
3,
Ying Huang
1,2,
Yunfeng Pu
1,2,
Xujie Hou
1,2 and
Lijun Song
1,2,*
1
College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
2
Xinjiang Product & Construction Group Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing in Xinjiang South, Alar 843300, China
3
School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2019, 24(1), 122; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010122
Submission received: 14 October 2018 / Revised: 25 December 2018 / Accepted: 28 December 2018 / Published: 30 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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Abstract

In this study, the ultra-high pressure extraction (UHPE) conditions for obtaining the maximum flavonoid yield from Xinjiang jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) leaves (XJL) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to evaluate the effects of four variables (extraction temperature, pressure, time and liquid-to-solid ratio) on flavonoid yield. The results showed that the optimal flavonoid yield (25.45 ± 0.21 mg/g) was derived at 50.0 °C, 342.39 MPa, 11.56 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 43.95 mL/g. Eight compounds were tentatively identified and quantified as kaempferol and quercetin glycosides with UPLC-ESI-MS. Compared to ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), UHPE can obtain higher concentrations of total flavonoids and stronger DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities in a much shorter time. Therefore, UHPE is an alternative to UAE for obtaining flavonoids from XJL, which may be an optional method for large-scale industrial flavonoid extraction from XJL.
Keywords: ultra-high pressure extraction; UPLC-ESI-MS; Xinjiang jujube leaf; flavonoid; antioxidant activity ultra-high pressure extraction; UPLC-ESI-MS; Xinjiang jujube leaf; flavonoid; antioxidant activity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, L.; Liu, P.; Li, L.; Huang, Y.; Pu, Y.; Hou, X.; Song, L. Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) Leaves with Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology. Molecules 2019, 24, 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010122

AMA Style

Zhang L, Liu P, Li L, Huang Y, Pu Y, Hou X, Song L. Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) Leaves with Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology. Molecules. 2019; 24(1):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010122

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Li, Pengzhan Liu, Linlin Li, Ying Huang, Yunfeng Pu, Xujie Hou, and Lijun Song. 2019. "Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) Leaves with Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology" Molecules 24, no. 1: 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010122

APA Style

Zhang, L., Liu, P., Li, L., Huang, Y., Pu, Y., Hou, X., & Song, L. (2019). Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Xinjiang Jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) Leaves with Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Technology. Molecules, 24(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24010122

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