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Article

Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy

by
Juthathip Poofery
1,
Patompong Khaw-on
1,
Subhawat Subhawa
1,
Bungorn Sripanidkulchai
2,
Apichat Tantraworasin
3,4,
Somcharoen Saeteng
4,
Sopon Siwachat
4,
Nirush Lertprasertsuke
5 and
Ratana Banjerdpongchai
1,*
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2
Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
3
Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Statistic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
4
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
5
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(1), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010231
Submission received: 10 December 2019 / Revised: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 4 January 2020 / Published: 6 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytotoxic Activity of Plant Extracts)
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Abstract

The incidence of lung cancer has increased while the mortality rate has continued to remain high. Effective treatment of this disease is the key to survival. Therefore, this study is a necessity in continuing research into new effective treatments. In this study we determined the effects of three different Thai herbs on lung cancer. Bridelia ovata, Croton oblongifolius, and Erythrophleum succirubrum were extracted by ethyl acetate and 50% ethanol. The cytotoxicity was tested with A549 lung cancer cell line. We found four effective extracts that exhibited toxic effects on A549 cells. These extracts included ethyl acetate extracts of B. ovata (BEA), C. oblongifolius (CEA), and E. succirubrum (EEA), and an ethanolic extract of E. succirubrum (EE). Moreover, these effective extracts were tested in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. An effective synergism of these treatments was found specifically through a combination of BEA with methotrexate, EE with methotrexate, and EE with etoposide. Apoptotic cell death was induced in A549 cells by these effective extracts via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Additionally, we established primary lung cancer and normal epithelial cells from lung tissue of lung cancer patients. The cytotoxicity results showed that EE had significant potential to be used for lung cancer treatment. In conclusion, the four effective extracts possessed anticancer effects on lung cancer. The most effective extract was found to be E. succirubrum (EE).
Keywords: Bridelia ovata; Croton oblongifolius; Erythrophleum succirubrum; herbal extract; lung cancer; anti-tumor; synergism; apoptosis; primary cells Bridelia ovata; Croton oblongifolius; Erythrophleum succirubrum; herbal extract; lung cancer; anti-tumor; synergism; apoptosis; primary cells
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MDPI and ACS Style

Poofery, J.; Khaw-on, P.; Subhawa, S.; Sripanidkulchai, B.; Tantraworasin, A.; Saeteng, S.; Siwachat, S.; Lertprasertsuke, N.; Banjerdpongchai, R. Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy. Molecules 2020, 25, 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010231

AMA Style

Poofery J, Khaw-on P, Subhawa S, Sripanidkulchai B, Tantraworasin A, Saeteng S, Siwachat S, Lertprasertsuke N, Banjerdpongchai R. Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy. Molecules. 2020; 25(1):231. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010231

Chicago/Turabian Style

Poofery, Juthathip, Patompong Khaw-on, Subhawat Subhawa, Bungorn Sripanidkulchai, Apichat Tantraworasin, Somcharoen Saeteng, Sopon Siwachat, Nirush Lertprasertsuke, and Ratana Banjerdpongchai. 2020. "Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy" Molecules 25, no. 1: 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010231

APA Style

Poofery, J., Khaw-on, P., Subhawa, S., Sripanidkulchai, B., Tantraworasin, A., Saeteng, S., Siwachat, S., Lertprasertsuke, N., & Banjerdpongchai, R. (2020). Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy. Molecules, 25(1), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010231

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