Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chronology of Taxol, its Derivatives as Antiproliferative Drug
3. Taxol Biosynthesis
4. Mode of Action
5. Sources of Taxol Production
5.1. Natural Source
5.1.1. Family Taxaceae; Taxonomy and Ethnopharmacological Use
5.1.2. Family Podocarpaceae; Taxonomy and Ethnopharmacological Uses
5.2. Taxol-Producing Endophytic Fungi from Taxus and Podocarpus Species
6. Maximizing Taxol Bio-Production Strategies
6.1. Molecular Manipulation of the Microbial Strain
6.2. Bioprocess Optimization Strategy for Taxol Production
7. Co-Cultivation and Mixed Fermentation
8. Genome Mining
8.1. Classical Genome Mining
8.2. Comparative Genome Mining
8.3. Resistance/target Genome Mining
9. Conclusion and Future Directions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Family | Fungus | Host | Taxol Yield µg/L Culture | Method of Assay | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taxaceae | Taxomyces andreanae | Taxus brevifolia | 0.05 | CIEIA, HPLC | [111] |
Alternaria alternata | Taxus hicksii | 512 | HPLC | [34] | |
Pestalothiopsis microspora | Taxus walichiana | 2.9 | CIEIA | [112] | |
Nodulisporium sylviforme | Taxus cuspidata | 450 | HPLC | [113] | |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | Taxus media | 800 | TLC, HPLC | [110] | |
Aspergillus candidus | Taxus media | 112 | TLC, HPLC | [114] | |
Phomopsis sp. | Taxus cuspidata | 418 | HPLC, TLC | [115] | |
Fusarium solani | Taxus chinensis | 164 | HPLC | [116] | |
Mucor rouxianus | Taxus chinensis | 30 | HPLC | [29] | |
Aspergillus niger | Taxus cuspidata | 273 | HPLC | [117] | |
Botryodiplodia theobromae | Taxus baccata | 280 | HPLC, MS | [118] | |
Taxomyces sp. | Taxus yunnanensis | 100 | HPLC, TLC | [119] | |
Alternaria alternata | T. hicksii | 90 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Pestalotiopsis microspora | Taxodium distichum | 87 | HPLC, TLC | [109] | |
Pithomyces sp. | Taxus sumatrana | 84 | HPLC, TLC | [111] | |
Pestalotiopsis microspora | T. wallichiana | 89 | HPLC, TLC | [111] | |
Alternaria sp. | T. cuspidata | 19 | HPLC, TLC | [120] | |
P. microspora | T. baccata | 120 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Fusarium lateritium | T. baccata | 113 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Pestalotia bicilia | T. baccata | 125 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Monochaetia sp. | T. baccata | 190 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Kitasatospora sp. | T. baccata | 120 | HPLC, TLC | [20] | |
Penicillium spp. | Taxus species | 111 | HPLC, TLC | [20] | |
Pestalothiopsis microspora | T. wallichiana | 136 | HPLC, TLC | [112] | |
Tubercularia sp. | T. mairei | 180 | HPLC, TLC | [120] | |
Taxomyces sp. | T. yunnanensis | 180 | HPLC, TLC | [10] | |
Alternaria alternate | T. chinensis | 129 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Ozonium sp. | T. chinensis | 89 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Fusarium mairei | T. chinensis | 78 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Fusarium solani | T. celebica | 75 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Botryodiplodia theobromae | T. baccata | 45 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Botrytis sp | T. cuspidata | 65 | HPLC, TLC | [117] | |
Fusarium arthrosporioides | T. cuspidata | 78 | HPLC, TLC | [109] | |
Gliocladium sp. | T. baccata | 90 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Fusarium solani | T. chinensis | 98 | HPLC, TLC | [116] | |
Mucor rouxianus sp. | T. chinensis | 94 | HPLC, TLC | [116] | |
Aspergillus niger var taxi | T. cuspidata | 91 | HPLC, TLC | [121] | |
Phomopsis sp. | T. cuspidata | 82 | HPLC, TLC | [121] | |
C. cladosporioides | T. media | 72 | HPLC, TLC | [110] | |
Aspergillus candidus | T. media | 73 | HPLC, TLC | [110] | |
Phomopsis sp. | T. cuspidata | 70 | HPLC, TLC | [110] | |
Pithomyces s | T. sumatrana | 20 | HPLC, TLC | [122] | |
Didymostilbe sp. | T. chinensis | 26 | HPLC, TLC | [120] | |
Ozonium sp., | T. chinensis | 29 | HPLC, TLC | [121] | |
Alternaria alternata, | T. chinensis | 30 | HPLC, TLC | [123] | |
Botrytis sp., | T. chinensis | 36 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Ectostroma sp., | T. chinensis | 90 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Podocarpaceae | Aspergillus terreus 1 | Podocarpus gracilior | 20 | HPLC, TLC | [103] |
A. terreus 2 | Podocarpus gracilior | 14 | HPLC, TLC | ||
A. terreus 3 | Podocarpus gracilior | 18 | HPLC, TLC | ||
A. flavus 1 | Podocarpus gracilior | 4.5 | HPLC, TLC | ||
A. flavus 2 | Podocarpus gracilior | 1.8 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Penicillium egyptiacum | Podocarpus gracilior | 3.6 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Aspergillus terreus 1 | Podocarpus gracilior | 20 | HPLC, TLC | ||
A. terreus 2 | Podocarpus gracilior | 14 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Aspergillus fumigatus | Podocarpus sp. | 590 | HPLC | [124] | |
Other plants | Phyllosticta dioscorea | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | 298 | HPLC, TLC | [115] |
Phoma betae | Ginkgo biloba | 795 | HPLC | [115] | |
Phomopsis sp | Ginkgo biloba | 372 | HPLC, MS | ||
Phomopsis sp. | Larix leptolepis | 334 | HPLC, NMR | ||
Penicillium aurantiogriseum | Corylus avellana | 70 | LCMS, NMR | [125] | |
Bartalinia robillardoides | Aegle mamelos | 188 | HPLC, MS | [125] | |
Phomopsis sp. | Wollemia nobili s | 170 | HPLC, TLC | [77] | |
Lasiodiplodia theobromae | Morinda citrifolia | 120 | HPLC, TLC | [34] | |
Phyllostica melochiae | Melochia corchorifolia | 478 | HPLC, TLC | [115] | |
Phyllosticta spinarum | Cupressus sp. | 235 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Phyllosticta citricarpa | Citrus media | 265 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Fusarium proliferatum | Tillandsia usneoides | 165 | HPLC | [34] | |
Pestalotiopsis sp.107 | Tillandsia usneoides | 89 | HPLC | ||
Phomopsis sp. 116 | Tillandsia usneoides | 22 | HPLC | ||
Pestalotiopsis sp., 118 | Tillandsia usneoides | 8.9 | HPLC | ||
Pestalotiopsis humus 133 | Tillandsia usneoides | 6.1 | HPLC | ||
Pestalotiopsis humus 154 | Tillandsia usneoides | 5.7 | HPLC | ||
Pestalotiopsis sp.155 | Tillandsia usneoides | 4.3 | HPLC | ||
Pestalotiopsis sp.163 | Tillandsia usneoides | 4.0 | HPLC | ||
Rhizosphere | Aspergillus flavipes | Rhizosphere | 850 | HPLC, TLC | [34] |
Aspergillus flavus | Rhizosphere | 2.8 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Aspergillus oryzae | Rhizosphere | 3.2 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Alternaria sp. | Rhizosphere | 4.2 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Penicillium chrysogenum | Rhizosphere | 85 | HPLC, TLC | ||
Pestalotiopsis malicola | Rhizosphere | 186 | HPLC, LCMS | [126] |
Improvement Approach | Wild-Type Strain | Method | Taxol Increasing (Folds) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mutagenesis and molecular manipulation | Nodulisporium sylviforme | UV, EMS, 60Co, NTG | 2.5 | [121] |
Fusarium maire | UV + DES | 8.6 | [34] | |
Nodulisporium sylviforme | Genome shuffling | 0.5 | [113] | |
Ozonium sp. | PEG-transformation | 5 | [34] | |
Ozonium sp. | ATMT | 6 | [121] | |
Ozonium sp. | ATMT | N.A | [120] | |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | ATMT | N.A | [117] | |
Cultural nutritional optimization | Fusarium mairei | pH, temperature, carbon, nitrogen source, fermentation period (Single factor) | 10.2 | [121] |
F. maire | Nitrogen source (Plackett Burman design) | 1.3 | [121] | |
Nodulisporium sylviforme | pH, temperature, fermentation period (Single factor) | 1.15 | [113] | |
Pestalotiopsis microspora | Monobasic sodium phosphate (Single factor) | 2.2 | [107] | |
Aspergillus terreus | ||||
Elicitation/Inhibition Strategy | Nodulisporium sylviforme | Serine, SA, silver nitrate, ammonium acetate | 1.1 | [113] |
Periconia sp. | Serinol, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, β-resorcyclic acid, gallic acid, Benzoic acid | 8 | [107] | |
Periconia sp. | Benzoate | 8 | [121] | |
Fusarium maire | Sodium acetate | 11 | [121] | |
Epicoccum nigrum | Serine | 29 | [121] | |
Pestalotiopsis microspora | Fluconazole | 50 | [107] | |
Aspergillus flavipes | Fluconazole | 50 | [34] | |
Co-cultivation/mixed fermentation | Paraconiothyrium sp. | Alternaria sp. | 2.7 | [134] |
Phomopsis sp. | 3.8 | |||
Alternaria sp. and Phomopsis sp. | 7.8 | |||
Fusarium sp. | Taxus suspension cells | 38 | [135] | |
Aspergillus terreus | surface sterilized leaves of P. gracilior | 2.5 | [102] |
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El-Sayed, A.S.A.; El-Sayed, M.T.; Rady, A.M.; Zein, N.; Enan, G.; Shindia, A.; El-Hefnawy, S.; Sitohy, M.; Sitohy, B. Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation. Molecules 2020, 25, 3000. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133000
El-Sayed ASA, El-Sayed MT, Rady AM, Zein N, Enan G, Shindia A, El-Hefnawy S, Sitohy M, Sitohy B. Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation. Molecules. 2020; 25(13):3000. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133000
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Sayed, Ashraf S.A., Manal T. El-Sayed, Amgad M. Rady, Nabila Zein, Gamal Enan, Ahmed Shindia, Sara El-Hefnawy, Mahmoud Sitohy, and Basel Sitohy. 2020. "Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation" Molecules 25, no. 13: 3000. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133000
APA StyleEl-Sayed, A. S. A., El-Sayed, M. T., Rady, A. M., Zein, N., Enan, G., Shindia, A., El-Hefnawy, S., Sitohy, M., & Sitohy, B. (2020). Exploiting the Biosynthetic Potency of Taxol from Fungal Endophytes of Conifers Plants; Genome Mining and Metabolic Manipulation. Molecules, 25(13), 3000. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133000