Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nucleic Acid Biophysical Properties and Therapeutic Uses
2.1. DNA
2.2. siRNA
2.3. mRNA
2.4. miRNA
3. Lipid Self-Assembly and Lipid Film Elastic Energy
3.1. Lipid Film Elastic Energy
3.2. Lipid Mixtures
4. Lipid-NA Nanoparticle Formation, Structure and Stability
4.1. Lipid-NA Complexation: Counterion Release as the Main Driving Force for Lipid-NA Association
4.2. Cationic-to-Anionic Charge Ratio, Overcharging and Colloidal Stability of Lipid-NA Complexes
4.3. Lipid-NA Structure
4.3.1. Lamellar Complexes—LαC
4.3.2. Inverted Hexagonal Complexes—HIIC
4.3.3. Inverse Bicontinuous Cubic Complexes—QIIC
4.3.4. Normal Bicontinuous Cubic Complexes—QIC
4.3.5. Normal Columnar Complexes—HIC and SIC
4.3.6. Other Normal Phases
5. PEGylation—Improved Circulation Lifetime and Effects on the Particle Structure
5.1. PEGylation—Improved Colloidal Stability and Circulation Lifetime by Steric Stabilization
5.2. Size and Structure Modulation In Pre-Formed Lipid Assemblies
5.3. Solvent-Exchange and Monomolecular Nucleic Acid Lipid Particles
6. Particle Structure, Charge and Functionalization Influence on the Transfection Efficiency
6.1. Cell Uptake: Nonspecific Electrostatic Interactions and Targeting with Affinity Ligands
6.2. Endosomal Escape and Transfection Efficiency: Lipid Membrane Curvature and Charge Density
6.3. Exploring Intracellular Stimuli
7. Ionizable Cationic Lipids and Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs)
8. Targeting the Tumor
8.1. Passive Targeting
8.2. Active Targeting
8.3. Exploiting Local Stimuli
9. Prospects
10. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gaspar, R.; Coelho, F.; Silva, B.F.B. Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2020, 25, 5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215006
Gaspar R, Coelho F, Silva BFB. Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment. Molecules. 2020; 25(21):5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215006
Chicago/Turabian StyleGaspar, Ricardo, Filipe Coelho, and Bruno F. B. Silva. 2020. "Lipid-Nucleic Acid Complexes: Physicochemical Aspects and Prospects for Cancer Treatment" Molecules 25, no. 21: 5006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215006