Possibilities for Optimization of Industrial Alkaline Steeping of Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Change in Yield of the Pulp Caused by Alkalization
2.2. The Change in Purity of the Pulp Caused by Alkalization
2.3. Molecular Weight
2.4. Transformation of Cellulose I to Cellulose II
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Material
4.2. Methods
4.2.1. Preparation of Residues (R) and Determination of the R-Value
4.2.2. Analysis of Pulp and Its Residues
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NaOH- Conc. | wt% | - | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extraction Temp. | °C | - | 40 | 44 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 50 | 42 | 44 | 40 | 50 |
Residue 1 | wt% | - | 96.1 | 95.8 | 96.5 | 96.2 | 96.0 | 95.5 | 96.2 | 96.1 | 96.6 | 95.6 |
Glucan 2 | mg g−1 | 953 | 978 | 980 | 976 | 977 | 979 | 983 | 978 | 978 | 976 | 982 |
Xylan 2 | mg g−1 | 39 | 17 | 14 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 11 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 13 |
Mannan 2 | mg g−1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Mn | kg mol−1 | 65 | 57 | 49 | 72 | 71 | 61 | 65 | 68 | 71 | 66 | 46 |
Mw | kg mol−1 | 215 | 182 | 166 | 178 | 189 | 187 | 185 | 183 | 189 | 179 | 158 |
Mz | kg mol−1 | 466 | 371 | 355 | 332 | 374 | 367 | 355 | 353 | 369 | 334 | 322 |
PDI 3 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.4 | |
DP 4 | 1327 | 1123 | 1025 | 1099 | 1169 | 1153 | 1141 | 1130 | 1167 | 1107 | 975 | |
DP < 50 | % | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
DP < 100 | % | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 3.6 |
DP > 2000 | % | 18.6 | 14.7 | 12.7 | 13.5 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 14.9 | 13.9 | 11.7 |
Degree of Transformation 5 | % | - | 86 | 88 | 88 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 86 | 88 | 85 |
17 wt% aq. NaOH | 18 wt% aq. NaOH | 19 wt% aq. NaOH | 20 wt% aq. NaOH | |
---|---|---|---|---|
40 °C | X | X | X | |
42 °C | X | X | ||
44 °C | X | X | X | |
50 °C | X | X |
Sample Availability: Limited amounts of samples of the compounds are available from the authors. |
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Fechter, C.; Brelid, H.; Fischer, S. Possibilities for Optimization of Industrial Alkaline Steeping of Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers. Molecules 2020, 25, 5834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245834
Fechter C, Brelid H, Fischer S. Possibilities for Optimization of Industrial Alkaline Steeping of Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers. Molecules. 2020; 25(24):5834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245834
Chicago/Turabian StyleFechter, Catharina, Harald Brelid, and Steffen Fischer. 2020. "Possibilities for Optimization of Industrial Alkaline Steeping of Wood-Based Cellulose Fibers" Molecules 25, no. 24: 5834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245834