Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of VOCs Using SPME and the Modified Extraction Methods for Confirmation of the Reproducibility of the Previous Results
2.2. Factors Affecting the Formation of β-Cyclocitral during SPME
2.3. Optimal Heating Conditions for the Detection of β-Cyclocitral by the Solvent Extraction Method
2.4. Effect of Acidification on the Formation of β-Cyclocitral
2.5. Comparison of the Established Methods with Typical SPME for Formation of β-Cyclocitral
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Cyanobacteria Cultures
4.3. Analysis Procedure to Examine which Operations Affected the Formation of β-Cyclocitral during SPME
4.4. Analysis Procedure to Examine Optimal Heating Conditions for the Detection of β-cyclocitral by the Solvent Extraction Method
4.5. Analysis Procedure to Examine Effect of Storage Time after Acidification on the Formation of β-Cyclocitral
4.6. Comparison of the Established Methods with the Typical SPME for Formation of β-Cyclocitral
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds and all materials except β-cyclocitric acid are commercially available. β-Cyclocitric acid can be prepared from β-cyclocitral and is described in previous report [12]. |
2008 | 2008 | 2010 | 2010 | 2013 | 2014 | 2016 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | Total VOC | Filtrate VOC | |
Method | SPME | SPME | SPME | SPME | S.E. | S.E. | SPME | S.E. | SPME | S.E. | ||||
Cell number [cells/mL] | 6.2 × 104 | 3.1 × 104 | 4.2 × 107 | 7.6 × 107 | 2.0 × 105 | 8.5 × 105 | 2.0 × 107 | 8.4 × 106 | ||||||
pH | 6.7 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 6.2 | 10.0 | 10.0 | ||||||
β-Cyclocitral [µg/L] | 50 | 0.9 | 100 | 55 | 1400 | 3.2 | 52 | 1.2 | ND | ND | 136 | ND | 93 | ND |
β-Cyclocitric acid [µg/L] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 52 | 120 | ND | 36 | - | 20 |
β-Ionone [µg/L] | 9.6 | 7.6 | 98 | 15 | 300 | 1.6 | 26 | 0.5 | 120 | 150 | 15.7 | - | 22 | ND |
Trial No. | Heat | Salt | Shake | β-Cyclocitral [µg/L] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1) | + | + | + | 9.7 |
2) | + | + | - | 9.3 |
3) | + | - | + | 14.3 |
4) | + | - | - | 12.3 |
5) | - | + | + | 6.6 |
6) | - | + | - | 0 |
7) | - | - | + | 0 |
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Yamashita, R.; Bober, B.; Kanei, K.; Arii, S.; Tsuji, K.; Harada, K.-i. Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species. Molecules 2020, 25, 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832
Yamashita R, Bober B, Kanei K, Arii S, Tsuji K, Harada K-i. Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species. Molecules. 2020; 25(4):832. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832
Chicago/Turabian StyleYamashita, Ryuji, Beata Bober, Keisuke Kanei, Suzue Arii, Kiyomi Tsuji, and Ken-ichi Harada. 2020. "Analytical Technique Optimization on the Detection of β-cyclocitral in Microcystis Species" Molecules 25, no. 4: 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040832