Melatonin-Loaded Nanocarriers: New Horizons for Therapeutic Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Tuning the Connection between Nanocarriers and Melatonin
1.2. Melatonin: Chemical Modulation and Solubility
2. Melatonin Incorporated into Lipid-Based NCs/Nanosystems
2.1. Liposomes NPs as Carriers of Melatonin
2.2. Solid Lipid NCs/Nanosystems for Melatonin Delivery
2.3. Hybrid NCs/Nanosystems Composed of Lipids and Polymers as Carriers of Melatonin
3. Non-Ionic Surfactant-Based Vesicles (Niosomes) for Melatonin Delivery
4. Melatonin-Loaded Silica-Based NPs
5. Graphene and Melatonin Delivery
6. Nanofibers and Nanocapsules as Biomaterial for Melatonin Controlled Release
7. Chitosan-Based NPs for Melatonin Delivery
8. Synthetic Polymeric NPs as Carriers of Melatonin
8.1. Polycaprolactone/Melatonin
8.2. Poly-lactic Acid/Melatonin
8.3. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic Acid)/Melatonin
8.4. Polyethylene Glycol/Melatonin
8.5. Poly (methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate)/Melatonin
8.6. Polymeric Nanogel (Hydrogel) for Melatonin Delivery
9. Metallic NPs and Melatonin Delivery
10. Melatonin-Associated Metallic and Non-Metallic Nanocomposites (NCP)
11. Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NC/Nanoplatform | Cell Type/Tissue/Nanomethod | Main Actions | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Silica | HeLa cells | Longer polymers improved melatonin release and cell toxicity | [85] |
Gaphene-dendrimeric system | Saos-2 and MG-63 cells | Antitumor action against osteosarcoma (higher cellular uptake and apoptosis) | [86] |
Chitosan-polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinylalcohol (PVA)-melatonin | Rat skin | Improved skin regeneration, wound remodeling, and reduced inflammation | [87] |
Bacterial cellulose nanofiber | Rat blood | Increased oral dissolution and bioavailability of melatonin | [88] |
Ethylcellulose nanocapsules | Rabbit retinal ganglion cells | Slow in vitro release of melatonin and high corneal penetration | [89] |
Cellulose acetate (CA), polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PV), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HP) | Gastric-like fluids showing pH variations | Increased bioavailability of melatonin to treat sleep dysfunctions; control of the sleep-onset | [90,91] |
Polyurethane (PU) and gelatin nanofibrils (GNFs) | Defected sciatic nerve of Wistar rats | Enhanced regenerative capacity of nerve and muscle function by melatonin | [92] |
Lecithin/chitosan | U87MG and HepG2 cells | Improved melatonin release and permeability; reduced tumor growth and the genotoxic effect of drugs | [93,94,95,96] |
Lecithin/chitosan | Lyophilization for storage | Prevented melatonin degradation and increased photostability | [56,97] |
Lecithin/chitosan | Encapsulation efficiency in the nanoformulation | Promoted a slow release of melatonin | [95,96,98] |
Chitosan buoyant microcapsules | Rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 | Promoted superior antiapoptotic activity of melatonin | [99] |
NC/Nanoplatform | Cell Type/Tissue/ Nanomethod | Main Actions | Ref |
---|---|---|---|
Gold NP | Murine macrophage cells | Improved cellular uptake | [143] |
Gold NP | Rat testis tissue | Protected against testicular damage by reducing lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-1β level, and enhancing antioxidant capacity | [144] |
Palladium NP | A549 cells | Increased lung cell toxicity via apoptosis and DNA oxidation, and reduced ATP content, and mitochondrial membrane potential | [145] |
Selenium NP | Mouse model of liver injury | Improved hepatocellular protection by reducing the activity of aminotransferase, the extent of hepatic cell damage, and migration rate of inflammatory cells | [148] |
Dopamine-melatonin nanocomposite | SH-SY5 cells; Balb/c mice | Suppressed ROS and intracellular Aβ production and aggregation in cultured midbrain cells of adult mice with Alzheimer’s disease | [149] |
Magnetic nanocomposite | MCF-7 cells | Increased the antiproliferative effect of melatonin | [150] |
Superparamagnetic iron oxide NP with PLGA-COOH | Animal model of myocardial hypertrophy | Low doses of melatonin ameliorated fibrosis and myocardial hypertrophy | [151] |
Zinc oxide NP | Mice brain tissue | Increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes | [152] |
Zinc oxide NP | Rat testis | Protected against cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive damage | [153] |
Mitochondria-resembling NP | Multistimuli-responsive NP | Favored melatonin release after ischemia improving ROS scavenging and preventing apoptosis | [154] |
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Chuffa, L.G.d.A.; Seiva, F.R.F.; Novais, A.A.; Simão, V.A.; Martín Giménez, V.M.; Manucha, W.; Zuccari, D.A.P.d.C.; Reiter, R.J. Melatonin-Loaded Nanocarriers: New Horizons for Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2021, 26, 3562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123562
Chuffa LGdA, Seiva FRF, Novais AA, Simão VA, Martín Giménez VM, Manucha W, Zuccari DAPdC, Reiter RJ. Melatonin-Loaded Nanocarriers: New Horizons for Therapeutic Applications. Molecules. 2021; 26(12):3562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123562
Chicago/Turabian StyleChuffa, Luiz Gustavo de Almeida, Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva, Adriana Alonso Novais, Vinícius Augusto Simão, Virna Margarita Martín Giménez, Walter Manucha, Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos Zuccari, and Russel J. Reiter. 2021. "Melatonin-Loaded Nanocarriers: New Horizons for Therapeutic Applications" Molecules 26, no. 12: 3562. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123562