Physicochemical and Quality Properties of Dried Courgette Slices: Impact of Vacuum Impregnation and Drying Methods
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Dry Matter and Water Activity
2.2. Colour Measurement
2.3. Drying Kinetics
2.4. Chemical Properties
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Material Preparation
3.2. Impregnating Solutions
3.3. Vacuum Impregnation
3.4. Drying Methods
3.5. Mathematical Modeling
3.6. Dry Matter and Water Activity
3.7. Colour Measurement
3.8. Chemical Properties
3.8.1. Substances and Sample Preparation
3.8.2. Evaluation of Total Carotenoids and Total Chlorophyll
3.8.3. Evaluation of Quercetin and Combined Lutein/Zeaxanthin Contents in Courgette
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
5. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Drying Method | Material | Dry Matter [%] | Water Activity [-] |
---|---|---|---|
CD 50 | F | 84.92 ± 0.72 d | 0.670 ± 0.037 n |
N | 80.37 ± 0.32 b | 0.499 ± 0.008 k | |
O | 75.49 ± 0.33 a | 0.654 ± 0.039 m,n | |
K | 81.53 ± 0.89 c | 0.644 ± 0.030 m | |
OK | 80.86 ± 0.61 b | 0.556 ± 0.024 l | |
CD 60 | F | 90.92 ± 0.59 e | 0.349 ± 0.007 g,h,i |
N | 94.76 ± 0.80 i,j | 0.355 ± 0.010 g,h,i | |
O | 91.84 ± 0.28 f | 0.402 ± 0.006 j | |
K | 90.50 ± 0.90 e | 0.425 ± 0.005 j | |
OK | 93.56 ± 0.37 h | 0.369 ± 0.006 h,i | |
CD 70 | F | 91.68 ± 0.35 f | 0.276 ± 0.006 c,d |
N | 96.76 ± 0.11 k,l | 0.297 ± 0.006 d,e | |
O | 92.82 ± 0.18 g | 0.335 ± 0.013 f,g | |
K | 94.38 ± 0.31 i | 0.303 ± 0.008 e | |
OK | 96.10 ± 0.20 k | 0.330 ± 0.016 f,g | |
VD | F | 94.65 ± 0.12 i,j | 0.318 ± 0.006 e,f |
N | 95.23 ± 0.04 j | 0.340 ± 0.009 f,g | |
O | 96.46 ± 0.16 k | 0.348 ± 0.013 g,h | |
K | 96.10 ± 0.05 k | 0.317 ± 0.003 e,f | |
OK | 96.33 ± 0.01 k | 0.375 ± 0.002 i | |
FD | F | 97.08 ± 0.00 l,m | 0.218 ± 0.006 a |
N | 95.57 ± 0.17 m,n | 0.255 ± 0.044 b,c | |
O | 98.12 ± 0.11 n,o | 0.222 ± 0.004 a | |
K | 97.68 ± 0.07 m,n | 0.239 ± 0.003 a,b | |
OK | 98.47 ± 0.18 o | 0.255 ± 0.009 b,c |
Drying Method | Material | L* | a* | b* | C* | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | F | 87.57 ± 0.82 p | −3.28 ± 0.11 k,l | 30.87 ± 0.67 b | 31.04 | - |
CD 50 | F | 84.94 ± 0.71 n,o | −4.76 ± 0.05 q | 36.95 ± 0.51 h,i,j | 37.96 | 6.79 |
N | 77.52 ± 0.82 k | −2.92 ± 0.04 m,n | 43.95 ± 0.46 o | 44.05 | 16.50 | |
O | 60.53 ± 0.57 e,f | −2.69 ± 0.05 o | 38.33 ± 1.01 k,l | 38.42 | 28.60 | |
K | 52.48 ± 0.48 c | −15.05 ± 0.32 a | 41.57 ± 0.68 n | 44.21 | 38.53 | |
OK | 62.07 ± 0.70 f | −12.01 ± 0.31 c | 42.88 ± 0.52 o | 44.53 | 29.51 | |
CD 60 | F | 83.24 ± 1.30 m,n | −3.80 ± 0.08 j | 34.74 ± 0.68 f,g | 34.95 | 5.83 |
N | 67.61 ±0,47 h | −2.83 ± 0.05 n,o | 38.01 ± 1.01 j,k,l | 38.12 | 21.20 | |
O | 60.19 ± 0.36 e,f | −2.32 ± 0.04 i | 36.45 ± 0.33 h,i | 36.47 | 28.02 | |
K | 48.57 ± 0.64 b | −13.31 ± 0.60 b | 39.09 ± 0.67 l | 41.29 | 41.10 | |
OK | 60.79 ± 1.03 e,f | −10.55 ± 0.49 e | 40.89 ± 0.74 m,n | 42.23 | 29.50 | |
CD 70 | F | 77.47 ± 0.69 k | −3.14 ± 0.06 l,m | 31.69 ± 0.48 b,c | 31.85 | 10.13 |
N | 61.77 ± 0.59 f | −2.35 ± 0.03 o | 35.90 ± 0.24 g,h | 35.98 | 26.30 | |
O | 59.37 ± 1.09 e | −1.25 ± 0.03 p | 34.16 ± 0.67 e,f | 34.18 | 28.46 | |
K | 42.42 ± 1.45 a | −11.47 ± 0.52 d | 31.89 ± 0.53 c,d | 33.89 | 45.90 | |
OK | 55.51 ± 1.20 d | −8.65 ± 0.47 g | 38.12 ± 0.42 j,k,l | 39.09 | 33.31 | |
VD | F | 75.89 ± 0.53 k | −1.58 ± 0.14 p | 24.56 ± 0.82 a | 24.61 | 13.38 |
N | 71.35 ± 1.00 i | 1.36 ± 0.09 r | 30.68 ± 0.40 b | 30.71 | 13.87 | |
O | 81.30 ± 0.50 l,m | −1.34 ± 0.06 p | 32.42 ± 0.40 c,d | 32.45 | 6.74 | |
K | 71.37 ± 2.51 j | −6.61 ± 0.25 h | 39.08 ± 0.70 l | 39.64 | 18.46 | |
OK | 76.95 ± 1.08 k | −3.55 ± 0.08 j,k,l | 37.64 ± 0.64 i,j,k | 37.81 | 12.60 | |
FD | F | 80.83 ± 1.06 l | −4.45 ± 0.28 i | 33.40 ± 1.60 d,e | 33.70 | 7.29 |
N | 85.73 ± 0.82 o,p | −4.70 ± 0.05 i | 32.47 ± 0.74 c,d | 32.81 | 2.82 | |
O | 75.85 ± 0.70 k | −3.63 ± 0.04 j,k | 34.44 ± 0.54 e,f | 34.63 | 12.26 | |
K | 59.01 ± 1.60 e | −13.01 ± 0.38 b | 40.32 ± 1.38 m | 42.37 | 31.62 | |
OK | 65.32 ± 4.60 g | −9.85 ± 0.44 f | 38.92 ± 0.59 l | 40.15 | 24.56 |
Drying Method | Material | a | b | k | ki | c | R2 | RMSE | χ2 | Ve (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Page Model | ||||||||||
CD 50 | F | 1.1427 | - | 0.0057 | - | - | 0.9965 | 0.0198 | 0.0004 | 4.4 |
N | 1.1181 | - | 0.0050 | - | - | 0.9989 | 0.0116 | 0.0001 | 2.5 | |
O | 1.0274 | - | 0.0072 | - | - | 0.9990 | 0.0099 | 0.0001 | 2.1 | |
K | 1.1216 | - | 0.0053 | - | - | 0.9969 | 0.0186 | 0.0003 | 4 | |
OK | 1.0418 | - | 0.0087 | - | - | 0.9985 | 0.0125 | 0.0002 | 2.9 | |
CD 60 | F | 1.0631 | - | 0.008 | - | - | 0.9967 | 0.0270 | 0.0008 | 5.6 |
N | 1.1316 | - | 0.0058 | - | - | 0.9932 | 0.0027 | 0.0008 | 5.9 | |
O | 1.1181 | - | 0.0050 | - | - | 0.9989 | 0.0116 | 0.0001 | 2.5 | |
K | 1.0631 | - | 0.0080 | - | - | 0.9929 | 0.0297 | 0.0010 | 6.1 | |
OK | 1.0631 | - | 0.0080 | - | - | 0.9945 | 0.0298 | 0.0010 | 6.7 | |
CD 70 | F | 1.0873 | - | 0.0080 | - | - | 0.9955 | 0.0204 | 0.0005 | 4.3 |
N | 1.0435 | - | 0.0091 | - | - | 0.9966 | 0.0182 | 0.0004 | 4 | |
O | 1.1335 | - | 0.0065 | - | - | 0.9976 | 0.0151 | 0.0002 | 3.1 | |
K | 1.0633 | - | 0.0089 | - | - | 0.9973 | 0.0155 | 0.0003 | 3.3 | |
OK | 1.0221 | - | 0.0101 | - | - | 0.9956 | 0.0203 | 0.0004 | 4.5 | |
Henderson and Pabis Model | ||||||||||
CD 50 | F | 1.0237 | - | 0.0110 | - | - | 0.9942 | 0.0272 | 0.0008 | 6.3 |
N | 1.0242 | - | 0.0090 | - | - | 0.9968 | 0.0246 | 0.0005 | 4.4 | |
O | 1.0020 | - | 0.0082 | - | - | 0.9989 | 0.0110 | 0.0001 | 2.3 | |
K | 1.0204 | - | 0.0095 | - | - | 0.9945 | 0.0260 | 0.0008 | 5.6 | |
OK | 1.0040 | - | 0.0106 | - | - | 0.9983 | 0.0142 | 0.0002 | 3.3 | |
CD 60 | F | 1.0426 | - | 0.0118 | - | - | 0.9915 | 0.0326 | 0.0012 | 7.1 |
N | 1.0211 | - | 0.0107 | - | - | 0.9904 | 0.0338 | 0.0013 | 7.4 | |
O | 1.0242 | - | 0.0090 | - | - | 0.9968 | 0.0205 | 0.0005 | 4.4 | |
K | 1.0187 | - | 0.0101 | - | - | 0.9942 | 0.0257 | 0.0007 | 5.3 | |
OK | 1.0252 | - | 0.0113 | - | - | 0.9911 | 0.0330 | 0.0012 | 7.4 | |
CD 70 | F | 1.0135 | - | 0.0118 | - | - | 0.9941 | 0.0245 | 0.0007 | 5.1 |
N | 1.0026 | - | 0.0111 | - | - | 0.9964 | 0.0197 | 0.0004 | 4.3 | |
O | 1.0291 | - | 0.0120 | - | - | 0.9947 | 0.0238 | 0.0006 | 4.9 | |
K | 1.0095 | - | 0.0118 | - | - | 0.9965 | 0.0184 | 0.0004 | 3.9 | |
OK | 0.9937 | - | 0.0111 | - | - | 0.9958 | 0.0205 | 0.0005 | 4.5 | |
Logistical Model | ||||||||||
CD 50 | F | 0.8217 | 1.7679 | 0.0164 | - | 0.9986 | 0.0124 | 0.0001 | 2.9 | |
N | 1.1789 | 2.1448 | 0.0123 | - | 0.9996 | 0.0068 | 0.0000 | 1.4 | ||
O | 3.9942 | 4.9340 | 0.0093 | - | 0.9993 | 0.0085 | 0.0000 | 1.8 | ||
K | 0.9293 | 1.8766 | 0.0138 | - | 0.9985 | 0.0128 | 0.0001 | 2.7 | ||
OK | 2.4868 | 3.4224 | 0.0126 | - | 0.9990 | 0.0100 | 0.0001 | 2.4 | ||
CD 60 | F | 0.5939 | 1.5568 | 0.0191 | - | 0.9992 | 0.0092 | 0.0000 | 2 | |
N | 0.7680 | 1.7039 | 0.0162 | - | 0.9950 | 0.0226 | 0.0008 | 5.8 | ||
O | 1.1789 | 2.1448 | 0.0123 | - | 0.9996 | 0.0067 | 0.0000 | 1.4 | ||
K | 1.0250 | 1.9725 | 0.0142 | - | 0.9981 | 0.0141 | 0.0002 | 2.9 | ||
OK | 0.7368 | 1.6792 | 0.0172 | - | 0.9964 | 0.0197 | 0.0004 | 4.5 | ||
CD 70 | F | 1.3396 | 2.2843 | 0.0158 | - | 0.9969 | 0.0170 | 0.0004 | 3.6 | |
N | 2.0664 | 2.9931 | 0.0136 | - | 0.9975 | 0.0154 | 0.0003 | 3.4 | ||
O | 1.3208 | 2.2983 | 0.0016 | - | 0.9990 | 0.0092 | 0.0000 | 1.9 | ||
K | 1.9187 | 2.8664 | 0.0147 | - | 0.9981 | 0.0130 | 0.0002 | 2.7 | ||
OK | 2.2933 | 3.1940 | 0.0134 | - | 0.9967 | 0.0173 | 0.0003 | 3.8 | ||
Two-term Model | ||||||||||
CD 50 | F | 0.3334 | 0.6903 | 0.0110 | 0.0110 | - | 0.9942 | 0.0272 | 0.0008 | 6.3 |
N | 0.3430 | 0.6812 | 0.0090 | 0.0090 | - | 0.9968 | 0.0205 | 0.0005 | 4.4 | |
O | 0.0072 | 0.6648 | 0.0082 | 0.0082 | - | 0.9989 | 0.0110 | 0.0001 | 2.3 | |
K | 0.3307 | 0.6896 | 0.0095 | 0.0095 | - | 0.9945 | 0.0260 | 0.0008 | 5.6 | |
OK | 0.3254 | 0.6786 | 0.0106 | 0.0106 | - | 0.9983 | 0.0114 | 0.0002 | 3.3 | |
CD 60 | F | 0.3336 | 0.7090 | 0.0118 | 0.0118 | - | 0.9915 | 0.0326 | 0.0013 | 7.1 |
N | 0.3286 | 0.6926 | 0.0108 | 0.0108 | - | 0.9891 | 0.0350 | 0.0014 | 7.4 | |
O | 0.3430 | 0.6812 | 0.0090 | 0.0090 | - | 0.9968 | 0.0205 | 0.0005 | 4.4 | |
K | 0.3290 | 0.6896 | 0.0101 | 0.0101 | - | 0.9942 | 0.0275 | 0.0008 | 5.3 | |
OK | 0.3291 | 0.6961 | 0.0113 | 0.0113 | - | 0.9911 | 0.0330 | 0.0013 | 7.4 | |
CD 70 | F | 0.3279 | 0.6856 | 0.0118 | 0.0118 | - | 0.9941 | 0.0245 | 0.0007 | 5.1 |
N | 0.3404 | 0.6622 | 0.0111 | 0.0111 | - | 0.9964 | 0.0197 | 0.0005 | 4.3 | |
O | 0.3301 | 0.6990 | 0.0120 | 0.0120 | - | 0.9947 | 0.0238 | 0.0007 | 4.9 | |
K | 0.3274 | 0.6822 | 0.0118 | 0.0118 | - | 0.9965 | 0.0184 | 0.0004 | 3.9 | |
OK | 0.3233 | 0.6704 | 0.0111 | 0.0111 | - | 0.9958 | 0.0205 | 0.0005 | 4.5 | |
Newton Model | ||||||||||
CD 50 | F | - | - | 0.0107 | - | - | 0.9952 | 0.0288 | 0.0009 | 6.6 |
N | - | - | 0.0087 | - | - | 0.9978 | 0.0228 | 0.0006 | 4.9 | |
O | - | - | 0.0082 | - | - | 0.9990 | 0.0110 | 0.0001 | 2.3 | |
K | - | - | 0.0093 | - | - | 0.9955 | 0.0273 | 0.0008 | 5.8 | |
OK | - | - | 0.0105 | - | - | 0.9984 | 0.0143 | 0.0002 | 3.4 | |
CD 60 | F | - | - | 0.0112 | - | - | 0.9937 | 0.0368 | 0.0015 | 8.1 |
S | - | - | 0.0104 | - | - | 0.9918 | 0.0349 | 0.0014 | 7.6 | |
O | - | - | 0.0870 | - | - | 0.9978 | 0.0223 | 0.0006 | 4.9 | |
K | - | - | 0.0098 | - | - | 0.9953 | 0.0269 | 0.0008 | 5.5 | |
OK | - | - | 0.0109 | - | - | 0.9924 | 0.0345 | 0.0013 | 7.8 | |
CD 70 | F | - | - | 0.0116 | - | - | 0.9948 | 0.0251 | 0.0007 | 5.3 |
N | - | - | 0.0111 | - | - | 0.9965 | 0.0020 | 0.0004 | 4.3 | |
O | - | - | 0.0115 | - | - | 0.9962 | 0.0266 | 0.0008 | 5.5 | |
K | - | - | 0.0117 | - | - | 0.9970 | 0.0189 | 0.0004 | 3.9 | |
OK | - | - | 0.0112 | - | - | 0.9956 | 0.0206 | 0.0005 | 4.5 | |
Midilli et al., Model | ||||||||||
CD 50 | F | 0.9615 | 0 | 0.0037 | - | 1.2267 | 0.9978 | 0.0155 | 0.0002 | 3.6 |
N | 0.9777 | 0 | 0.004 | - | 1.1627 | 0.9992 | 0.0092 | 0.0000 | 2 | |
O | 0.9761 | 0 | 0.0053 | - | 1.0867 | 0.9991 | 0.0095 | 0.0001 | 2 | |
K | 0.9641 | 0 | 0.0035 | - | 1.2046 | 0.9978 | 0.0154 | 0.0003 | 3.3 | |
OK | 0.9787 | 0 | 0.0071 | - | 1.0822 | 0.9988 | 0.0117 | 0.0001 | 2.6 | |
CD 60 | F | 0.9641 | 0 | 0.0028 | - | 1.3025 | 0.9985 | 0.0128 | 0.0002 | 2.8 |
N | 0.9555 | 0 | 0.0034 | - | 1.2344 | 0.9946 | 0.024 | 0.0007 | 5.2 | |
O | 0.9778 | 0 | 0.0040 | - | 1.1627 | 0.9993 | 0.0093 | 0.0000 | 2 | |
K | 0.9662 | 0 | 0.0040 | - | 1.1891 | 0.9973 | 0.0165 | 0.0003 | 3.4 | |
OK | 0.9539 | 0 | 0.0031 | - | 1.2725 | 0.9952 | 0.0225 | 0.0006 | 5.1 | |
CD 70 | F | 0.9707 | 0 | 0.0058 | - | 1.1491 | 0.9962 | 0.0187 | 0.0004 | 3.9 |
N | 0.9739 | 0 | 0.0070 | - | 1.0944 | 0.9971 | 0.0168 | 0.0003 | 3.7 | |
O | 0.9787 | 0 | 0.0051 | - | 1.1794 | 0.9980 | 0.0137 | 0.0002 | 2.8 | |
K | 0.9519 | 0 | 0.0044 | - | 1.2085 | 0.9964 | 0.0173 | 0.0004 | 3.6 | |
OK | 0.9231 | 0 | 0.0030 | - | 1.2758 | 0.9927 | 0.0255 | 0.0255 | 5.6 |
Drying Method | Material | Chemical Composition (μg g d.m.−1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quercetin | Total Carotenoids | Total Chlorophylls | Lutein and Zeaxanthin | ||
Not dried | F | 1.82 ± 0.04 a | 298.87 ± 16.01 a | 59.21 ± 4.61 a | 184.91 ± 8.26 a |
N | ND | 279.44 ± 9.48 a | 39.02 ± 5.76 b | 166.42 ± 9.11 a | |
O | 51.00 ± 2.63 b | 290.99 ± 18.33 a | 52.07 ± 5.25 a | 188.00 ± 10.87 a | |
K | 1.90 ± 0.30 a | 349.49 ± 3.51 b | 89.83 ± 7.24 d | 218.44 ± 16.23 b | |
OK | 11.00 ± 0.39 c | 329.99 ± 16.95 b | 83.27 ± 7.74 d | 203.11 ± 10.00 b | |
CD 50 | F | ND | 28.36 ± 6.11 c | 11.30 ± 3.36 e | 12.54 ± 0.74 g |
N | ND | 103.73 ± 12.74 d | 25.81 ± 3.64 c | 52.60 ± 12.32 f | |
O | 0.82 ± 0.22 d | 110.80 ± 20.61 d | 15.49 ± 2.70 e | 53.49 ± 5.50 f | |
K | ND | 140.19 ± 25.14 d,e | 63.49 ± 12.23 a | 115.54 ± 20.18 d | |
OK | 2.97 ± 0.72 a | 97.65 ± 11.76 d | 27.24 ± 2.77 c | 90.20 ± 9.66 e | |
CD 60 | F | ND | 194.96 ± 34.52 e | 29.56 ± 5.86 c | 165.32 ± 18.86 a |
N | ND | 132.61 ± 12.61 d,e | 18.24 ± 1.77 e | 100.80 ± 6.94 d | |
O | 20.38 ± 1.95 e | 124.38 ± 28.91 d,e | 26.55 ± 4.65 c | 135.06 ± 15.60 c | |
K | ND | 346.85 ± 7.65 d,e | 85.96 ± 18.97 d | 201.82 ± 25.56 b | |
OK | 8.04 ± 2.37 c | 184.00 ± 16.46 e | 31.68 ± 3.86 b | 123.95 ± 5.64 c | |
CD 70 | F | ND | 186.76 ± 36.73 e | 28.51 ± 6.31 c | 125.49 ± 17.90 c |
N | ND | 214.09 ± 14.23 f | 30.72 ± 2.91 b | 157.58 ± 6.28 c | |
O | 50.94 ± 9.00 b | 152.83 ± 20.46 e | 21.88 ± 3.29 c | 135.31 ± 3.86 c | |
K | 1.85 ± 0.10 a | 289.35 ± 27.42 a | 67.34 ± 11.59 a | 216.42 ± 25.14 b | |
OK | 5.58 ± 1.05 a,c | 157.17 ± 4.05 e | 24.12 ± 0.57 c | 129.17 ± 2.93 c | |
VD | F | 0.75 ± 0.08 d | 174.10 ± 13.63 e,f | 25.84 ± 3.05 c | 138.26 ± 5.81 c |
N | ND | 134.15 ± 13.54 d,f | 29.93 ± 3.97 c | 105.63 ± 14.12 d | |
O | 11.80 ± 0.80 c | 151.82 ± 6.11 e | 23.81 ± 0.36 c | 116.69 ± 6.23 d | |
K | ND | 161.99 ± 21.90 e | 33.18 ± 2.35 b | 140.61 ± 22.64 c | |
OK | 10.54 ± 0.50 c | 266.71 ± 28.81 a | 52.27 ± 6.86 a | 177.99 ± 22.67 a | |
FD | F | ND | 266.55 ± 48.67 a | 53.84 ± 9.97 a | 180.94 ± 18.50 a |
N | ND | 158.66 ± 45.13 e | 34.46 ± 11.12 b | 134.63 ± 39.24 c | |
O | 41.84 ± 7.22 b | 276.04 ± 43.72 a | 50.43 ± 12.00 a | 162.69 ± 6.32 a | |
K | 0.86 ± 0.51 d | 267.38 ± 12.86 a | 75.34 ± 4.69 d | 185.89 ± 6.39 a | |
OK | 7.44 ± 1.50 a,c | 248.78 ± 18.48 a | 48.53 ± 3.76 a | 161.32 ± 12.68 a |
Symbol | Infiltration Solutions | °Bx |
---|---|---|
N | 3% sodium chloride solution (NaCl) | 4.2 |
K | Freshly squeezed kale juice + 3% NaCl | 11.5 |
O | Freshly squeezed onion juice + 3% NaCl | 10.5 |
KO | Freshly squeezed onion juice and kale juice (50:50) + 2% NaCl | 9.5 |
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Kręcisz, M.; Stępień, B.; Pasławska, M.; Popłoński, J.; Dulak, K. Physicochemical and Quality Properties of Dried Courgette Slices: Impact of Vacuum Impregnation and Drying Methods. Molecules 2021, 26, 4597. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154597
Kręcisz M, Stępień B, Pasławska M, Popłoński J, Dulak K. Physicochemical and Quality Properties of Dried Courgette Slices: Impact of Vacuum Impregnation and Drying Methods. Molecules. 2021; 26(15):4597. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154597
Chicago/Turabian StyleKręcisz, Magdalena, Bogdan Stępień, Marta Pasławska, Jarosław Popłoński, and Kinga Dulak. 2021. "Physicochemical and Quality Properties of Dried Courgette Slices: Impact of Vacuum Impregnation and Drying Methods" Molecules 26, no. 15: 4597. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154597