Palonosetron/Methyllycaconitine Deactivate Hippocampal Microglia 1, Inflammasome Assembly and Pyroptosis to Enhance Cognition in a Novel Model of Neuroinflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Verification of the HFFD/LPS-Induced AD Model
2.2. Palonosetron, MLA, or Their Combination Improves Long-Term Spatial Working Memory in AD Rats
2.3. Palonosetron, MLA, or Their Combination Prevents the Hippocampal Microglial Depolarization in AD Rats
2.4. Palonosetron, MLA or Their Combination Suppresses the Hippocampal Canonical and Non-Canonical Activated Inflammasome Cascades in AD Rats
2.5. Palonosetron, MLA, or Their Combination Preserves the Hippocampal Architecture in AD Rats
2.6. Palonosetron, MLA, or Their Combination Reduce Amyloid Plaques-Induced by HFFD/LPS in Rats
2.7. Palonosetron, MLA, or Their Combination Decrease Astrocytes Immunoreactivity in AD Rats
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Drug and Chemicals
4.3. Development of HFFD/LPS Neuroinflammation Model
4.4. Experimental Design of the Main Study
4.5. Behavioral Tests
4.5.1. NOR Test
4.5.2. MWM Test
4.6. Biochemical Analysis
4.6.1. Assessment of Serum Insulin, Glucose, and Lipid Profile
4.6.2. Assessment of Hippocampal Aβ1-42, Nitrated Aβ, NOS2, IL-4, and IDE
4.6.3. Assessment of Hippocampal ACh and 5-HT
4.6.4. Determination of Hippocampal Inflammasome Biomarkers
4.7. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Examinations
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)
4.8. Calculation of Combination Effect Using Coefficient Drug Index (CDI)
4.9. Data and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mohamed, R.A.; Abdallah, D.M.; El-brairy, A.I.; Ahmed, K.A.; El-Abhar, H.S. Palonosetron/Methyllycaconitine Deactivate Hippocampal Microglia 1, Inflammasome Assembly and Pyroptosis to Enhance Cognition in a Novel Model of Neuroinflammation. Molecules 2021, 26, 5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165068
Mohamed RA, Abdallah DM, El-brairy AI, Ahmed KA, El-Abhar HS. Palonosetron/Methyllycaconitine Deactivate Hippocampal Microglia 1, Inflammasome Assembly and Pyroptosis to Enhance Cognition in a Novel Model of Neuroinflammation. Molecules. 2021; 26(16):5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165068
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed, Reem A., Dalaal M. Abdallah, Amany I. El-brairy, Kawkab A. Ahmed, and Hanan S. El-Abhar. 2021. "Palonosetron/Methyllycaconitine Deactivate Hippocampal Microglia 1, Inflammasome Assembly and Pyroptosis to Enhance Cognition in a Novel Model of Neuroinflammation" Molecules 26, no. 16: 5068. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165068