Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Landfill Leachate (LL)
2.3. Conventional Coagulation Followed by Electrocoagulation
2.4. Electrocoagulation Followed by Conventional Coagulation
2.5. UVA-LED Photo-Fenton
2.6. Analytical Determinations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Electrocoagulation of Conventionally Pre-Coagulated LL
3.2. Conventional Coagulation of Pre-Electrocoagulated LL
3.3. Comparison of CC-EC and EC-CC Combinations
3.4. UVA-LED Photo-Fenton
3.5. Treatment Cost
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Parameter (LL) | Value |
---|---|
pH | 8.2 ± 0.1 |
Conductivity, mS cm–1 | 20.1 ± 0.8 |
[Cl−], mg L–1 | 2800 ± 200 |
UV-254, cm–1 | 60 ± 1 |
Color, mg Pt L−1 | 19,600 ± 1200 |
COD, mg O2 L−1 | 5025 ± 500 |
BOD5, mg O2 L−1 | 50 ± 10 |
BOD5/COD | 0.01 ± 0.01 |
TOC, mg C L−1 | 1900 ± 50 |
SUVA, L mg−1 m−1 | 3.2 ± 0.4 |
TSS, mg L−1 | 1250 ± 50 |
NH4+, mg L−1 | 1500 ± 100 |
TNb, mg N L−1 | 1680 ± 50 |
CC (pH = 5.0 + 2 g L−1 FeCl36H2O) + EC (pH = 2.4, 10 mA cm−2, 3 cm of Electrode Distance) | EC (pH = 5.0; 10 mA cm−2; 3 cm of Electrode Distance) + CC (pH = 6 + 1 g L−1 FeCl36H2O) | |
---|---|---|
pH | 6.4 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 |
Conductivity mS cm−1 | 16.9 ± 0.8 (16%) * | 16.5 ± 0.8 (18%) |
Color mg Pt L−1 | 5300 ± 500 (73%) | 4900 ± 500 (75%) |
COD mg O2 L−1 | 1005 ± 90 (80%) | 854 ± 70 (83%) |
SUVA L mg−1 m−1 | 2.3 ± 0.4 (27%) | 2.1 ± 0.5 (34%) |
Fetotal mg L−1 | 100 ± 40 | 210 ± 30 |
Raw LL | UVA-LED Photo-Fenton [H2O2]:COD = 2.125, 120 min | UVA-LED Photo-Fenton [H2O2]:COD = 1.063, 45 min | |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 |
Conductivity mS cm−1 | 20.1 ± 0.8 | 17.1 ± 0.8 (15%) * | 16.7 ± 0.8 (17%) |
Color mg Pt L−1 | 19,600 ± 1200 | 90 ± 20 (99%) | 120 ± 30 (99%) |
COD mg O2 L−1 | 5025 ± 500 | 290 ± 30 (94%) | 453 ± 50 (89%) |
SUVA L mg−1 m−1 | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.2 (67%) | 1.2 ± 0.3 (60%) |
Fetotal mg L−1 | 4.5 ± 1 | 210 ± 30 | 210 ± 30 |
BOD5/COD | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.40 ± 0.10 | 0.40 ± 0.10 |
EC Costs | EC (120 min; pH = 5; 10 mA cm−2) | |
H2SO4, EUR m−3 | 0.95 (7.3 g L−1) | |
Iron electrode, EUR m−3 | 1.00 (2.0 g L−1) | |
EC power consumption, EUR m−3 | 0.75 | |
EC total cost, EUR m−3 | 2.70 | |
EC total cost, EUR kg−1 of COD removed | 0.86 | |
Conventional coagulation (CC) costs | CC (pH = 6; 1 g L−1 FeCl3∙6H2O) | |
CC. Total cost, EUR m−3 | 0.20 | |
CC. Total cost, EUR kg−1 of COD | 0.24 | |
Oxidation costs | UVA-LED photo-Fenton [H2O2]:COD = 2.125, 120 min | UVA-LED photo-Fenton [H2O2]:COD = 1.063, 45 min |
H2O2, EUR m−3 | 1.90 (1.81 g L−1) | 0.95 (0.91 g L−1) |
Oxidation power consumption, EUR m−3 | 8.80 | 3.30 |
Oxidation total cost, EUR m−3 | 10.70 | 4.25 |
Oxidation total cost, EUR kg−1 of removed COD | 19.11 | 10.63 |
Sludge management, EUR m−3 | 8.50 | 8.50 |
Total process cost, EUR m−3 | 22.10 | 15.65 |
Total process cost, EUR kg−1 of removed COD | 5.05 | 3.42 |
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Tejera, J.; Hermosilla, D.; Gascó, A.; Negro, C.; Blanco, Á. Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment. Molecules 2021, 26, 6425. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216425
Tejera J, Hermosilla D, Gascó A, Negro C, Blanco Á. Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment. Molecules. 2021; 26(21):6425. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216425
Chicago/Turabian StyleTejera, Javier, Daphne Hermosilla, Antonio Gascó, Carlos Negro, and Ángeles Blanco. 2021. "Combining Coagulation and Electrocoagulation with UVA-LED Photo-Fenton to Improve the Efficiency and Reduce the Cost of Mature Landfill Leachate Treatment" Molecules 26, no. 21: 6425. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216425