Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Total Phenolics and Condensed Tannins Contents in the Leaf of B. gymnorhiza
2.2. 13C-NMR Analysis of CTs
2.3. RP-HPLC Analysis
2.4. Inhibition Kinetics of Mushroom Tyrosinase
2.5. Antioxidant Activity of CTs
2.6. Evaluation of CTs Treatment on Fresh-Cut Lotus Root
2.6.1. Effect of CTs on the Weight-Loss Ratio of Fresh-Cut Lotus Root
2.6.2. Effect of CTs on L* of Fresh-Cut Lotus Root
2.6.3. Effect of CT Treatment on Activities of PPO and POD in Fresh-Cut Lotus Root
2.6.4. Effect of CTs Treatment on TPC and MDA Content in Fresh-Cut Lotus Root
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals and Plant Material
3.2. Extraction and Purification of the CTs
3.3. Determination of Total Phenolics and Proanthocyanidins Content
3.4. 13C-NMR Analysis
3.5. Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis
3.6. Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities
3.7. DPPH Assay
3.8. Scavenging Activity on ABTS Radical
3.9. FRAP Assay
3.10. Measurement of Fresh-Cut Lotus Root Storage Quality
3.11. Data Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
Abbreviations
CTs | condensed tannins |
AAE | ascorbic acid equivalent |
AF/EAF | afzelechin/epafodoxine |
ABTS | 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt) |
C/EC | catechin/epicatechin |
DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
FRAP | ferric ion reducing antioxidant power |
IC50 | 50% inhibiting concentration |
UV | ultraviolet |
13C-NMR | 13C nuclear magnetic resonance |
Km | Michaelis-Menten constant |
l-DOPA | l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine |
PBS | phosphate buffer |
PC | procyanidin |
PD | prodelphinidins |
PP | propelargonidin |
TFA | trifluoroacetate acid |
PPO | polyphenol oxidase |
POD | peroxidase |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
TPC | total phenolics content |
Vc | ascorbic acid |
Vm | maximum velocity |
L* | whiteness value |
mDP | mean polymerization degree |
OD | optical density |
GAE | gallic acid concentration |
DW | dry weight |
LOX | lipoxygenase |
APX | ascorbate peroxidase |
PAL | phenylalnine ammonialyase |
CAT | catalase |
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Flavan-3-ol | The End of the Unit | Extended Unit Adduct | Solvent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | EC | GC/EGC | C | EC | AF/EAF | BM | |
Standards | 4.4 | 9.5 | 15.4 | 17.0 | 18.4 | 21.5 | 27.5 |
CTs | 4.55 | 9.35 | 15.53 | 17.25 | 18.64 | 21.89 | 29.63 |
Samples | DPPH (IC50 μg/mL) | ABTS (IC50 μg/mL) | FRAP (mg AAE/g) |
---|---|---|---|
B. gymnorhiza | 88.81 ± 0.135 b | 105.03 ± 0.134 a | 1052.27 ± 4.170 |
Ascorbic acid | 97.65 ± 0.153 a | 89.55 ± 0.274 b | — |
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Liu, X.; Chen, T.; Wang, Q.; Liu, J.; Lu, Y.; Shi, Y. Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots. Molecules 2021, 26, 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051369
Liu X, Chen T, Wang Q, Liu J, Lu Y, Shi Y. Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots. Molecules. 2021; 26(5):1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051369
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xuelian, Ting Chen, Qin Wang, Jiaai Liu, Yuhao Lu, and Yan Shi. 2021. "Structure Analysis and Study of Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Lotus Roots" Molecules 26, no. 5: 1369. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051369