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Article

Effects of Allium sativum Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Genes Expression

by
Da-Hye Gam
1,
Jae-Hyun Park
1,
Jun-Hee Kim
1,
Dong-Ho Beak
1 and
Jin-Woo Kim
1,2,*
1
Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea
2
FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010021
Submission received: 23 October 2021 / Revised: 20 November 2021 / Accepted: 21 November 2021 / Published: 21 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction, Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts)
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Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of Allium sativum stem extract (ASE) on B16-F0 cell growth and metastasis. Evaluation of the effects of ASE on B16-F0 cells’ viability and migration showed that 0.5 mg/mL ASE inhibited B16-F0 cells’ growth by 30.2% and migration by 38.5%, which indicates that the ASE has anticancer and antimetastatic effects on B16-F0 cells. To study the anticancer and antimetastatic mechanism, mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) expressions were evaluated with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL ASE was found to exert significant inhibition on mRNA expressions of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in B16-F0 cells. Thus, ASE reduce extracellular matrix degradation through inhibitions of expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and also showed an angiogenesis inhibitory effect through reduction of VEGF expression. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that among various polyphenols, gallic acid (2.1 mg/g) was a major compound of ASE. Overall, our results demonstrated that ASE inhibited the growth and migration of B16-F0 cells through downregulation of the VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes expression, which indicates ASE could be applied for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
Keywords: Allium sativum stem; anticancer; antimetastasis; VEGF; MMP-2; MMP-9; gallic acid Allium sativum stem; anticancer; antimetastasis; VEGF; MMP-2; MMP-9; gallic acid
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MDPI and ACS Style

Gam, D.-H.; Park, J.-H.; Kim, J.-H.; Beak, D.-H.; Kim, J.-W. Effects of Allium sativum Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Genes Expression. Molecules 2022, 27, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010021

AMA Style

Gam D-H, Park J-H, Kim J-H, Beak D-H, Kim J-W. Effects of Allium sativum Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Genes Expression. Molecules. 2022; 27(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010021

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gam, Da-Hye, Jae-Hyun Park, Jun-Hee Kim, Dong-Ho Beak, and Jin-Woo Kim. 2022. "Effects of Allium sativum Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Genes Expression" Molecules 27, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010021

APA Style

Gam, D.-H., Park, J.-H., Kim, J.-H., Beak, D.-H., & Kim, J.-W. (2022). Effects of Allium sativum Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Genes Expression. Molecules, 27(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010021

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