Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Natural Compounds and Alzheimer’s Disease
3. Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity Using Natural Compounds
4. Inhibition of BACE1 Activity Using Natural Compounds
5. Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase Activity Using Natural Compounds
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
BuChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
Ach | Acetylcholine |
CNS | Central nervous system |
ND | Neurodegenerative disease |
Aβ | β-amyloid |
APP | Amyloid precursor protein |
MAOs | Monoamine oxidases |
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S.No. | Compound | Pub Chem ID | Properties | Work Type | Therapeutic Actions/Function | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Apigenin | 5280443 | Antioxidant and antiinflammatory | in vitro | Decrease Aβ burden | [1,81] |
in vivo (mouse model) | induced neurogenesis | |||||
2. | Dibenzo[1,4,5]thiadiazepine | 71358659 | antioxidant | in vitro (neuroblastoma cells) | neuroprotective and antioxidant properties | [82] |
3. | Berberine | 2353 | anti-inflammatory | in vitro (rat model) | inhibition of AChE | [83,84] |
4. | Catechin | 9064 | antioxidant | in vivo (rat model of AD) | inhibition of AChE | [85] |
5. | Genistein | 5280961 | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | in silico and in vitro (model of AD) | inhibition of human monoamine oxidase A and B | [86,87] |
6. | Hesperidin | 10621 | antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | in silico and in vivo (rat model of AD) | inhibition of BACE1 and Aβ aggregation | [88,89,90] |
7. | Morin | 5281670 | antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective | (MC65 cells) | BACE1, γ-secretase, Aβ fibrillogenesis, amyloid plaque, and tau hyperphosphorylation | [91,92] |
8. | Naringenin | 932 | anti-inflammatory | in vitro (rat model) | decrease inflammatory cytokines | [93] |
9. | Withanone | 21679027 | neuroprotective | in vivo (rat model of AD) | decrease Aβ fibril formation | [1,94] |
10. | Dehydroevodiamine | 9817839 | anti-inflammatory | rat brain slices against AD | inhibition of tau phosphorylation | [95] |
11. | Huperzine A | 449069 | neuroprotective | Alzheimer transgenic mouse model | reduces the level of Aβ | [96] |
12. | N-methylasimilobine | 197017 | Antioxidant | in vitro | inhibition of AChE | [97] |
13. | Isorhynchophylline | 3037048 | neuroprotective | rat model | restore Aβ–induced cognitive impairment | [98] |
14. | Palmatine | 19009 | anti-inflammatory and anti-neurodegenerative | in vitro, in vivo | inhibit tau aggregation | [99] |
15. | Sanguinarine | 5154 | Antitumor properties | in vitro | inhibition of AChE | [100] |
16. | Taspine | 215159 | anti-inflammatory | in vitro | inhibition of AChE | [101] |
17. | Indirubin | 10177 | antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | in silico | inhibition of AChE | [102,103] |
18. | Rutaecarpine | 65752 | anti-inflammatory | in silico | inhibition of Caspase 8 | [104] |
19. | Ajmalicine | 441975 | antihypertensive | in silico | inhibition of BACE1 | [105] |
20. | Resveratrol | 445154 | Antioxidant | in vitro and in vivo (AD models) | neuroprotective role in AD | [106] |
21. | Curcumin | 969516 | antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic | in vivo and in vitro | inhibition of AChE | [107] |
22. | Resveratrol | 445154 | Antioxidant | in vitro | inhibition of MAOA for AD treatment | [108] |
23. | Genistein | 5280961 | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory | in vitro | anti-AD activities | [70] |
24. | Quercetin | 5280343 | Antioxidant | - | Anti-BACE1 Activity | [71] |
25. | Ellagic acid | 5281855 | antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties | in vitro | MAO inhibitor for ND treatment | [78] |
26. | Chelerythrine | 2703 | anti-inflammatory | in vitro | MAO-A inhibitor | [79] |
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Wang, S.; Kong, X.; Chen, Z.; Wang, G.; Zhang, J.; Wang, J. Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules 2022, 27, 4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134175
Wang S, Kong X, Chen Z, Wang G, Zhang J, Wang J. Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules. 2022; 27(13):4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134175
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Shanshan, Xianbo Kong, Zhangjing Chen, Guopin Wang, Juan Zhang, and Jing Wang. 2022. "Role of Natural Compounds and Target Enzymes in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease" Molecules 27, no. 13: 4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134175