Simultaneous Determination of 21 Sulfonamides in Poultry Eggs Using Ionic Liquid-Modified Molecularly Imprinted Polymer SPE and UPLC–MS/MS
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Method
2.2.1. Preparation of IL-MIP
2.2.2. Sample Preparation
2.2.3. Instrumentation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Selection of IL
3.2. Evaluation of IL-MIPs
3.2.1. Characteristics of MIPs
3.2.2. Selectivity and Specificity of MMIP and Other MIPs
3.3. Optimization of SPE Purification Procedures
3.4. Validation of the Proposed Method
3.5. Evaluation of the SPE Reusability
3.6. Comparison with a Reported Method
3.7. Application and Confirmation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Drug | Adsorption Rate (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MMIP | MNIP | NMIP | VMIP | BMIP | EMIP | |
Sulfadiazine | 80 ± 0.9 | 21 ± 71.5 | 74.4 ± 2.8 | 83.6 ± 2.3 | 72.5 ± 2.8 | 74.1 ± 16.2 |
Sulfamethoxazole | 60.7 ± 10.5 | 41.2 ± 8.3 | 26.3 ± 11.1 | 58.4 ± 9.6 | 42.3 ± 8.7 | 63.5 ± 11.6 |
Sulfathiazole | 78.6 ± 3 | 17.3 ± 7.3 | 41.6 ± 1.4 | 40.2 ± 2.5 | 46.4 ± 3.3 | 35.6 ± 5.5 |
Sulfamerazine | 94.3 ± 5.6 | 89.2 ± 13.1 | 67.5 ± 10 | 82.3 ± 13.2 | 86.2 ± 25.1 | 57.4 ± 16 |
Sulfafurazole | 75.4 ± 64 | 18.5 ± 30.9 | 39.8 ± 3.9 | 47.9 ± 0.9 | 37.9 ± 0.9 | 23.3 ± 3.6 |
Sulfadimethoxine | 92.3 ± 10 | 84 ± 55.4 | 84.1 ± 10.4 | 91.2 ± 16.3 | 90.3 ± 12.1 | 87.6 ± 18.3 |
Sulfadimoxine | 93.6 ± 2.9 | 81.3 ± 35.7 | 76.8 ± 4.8 | 72.4 ± 3.8 | 62.4 ± 4.1 | 43.1 ± 8.1 |
Sulfamethizole | 62.7 ± 8.6 | 35 ± 22.9 | 36.2 ± 8.8 | 79.9 ± 8.2 | 46.2 ± 3.9 | 71.6 ± 14 |
Sulfabenzamide | 88.1 ± 3.4 | 42.1 ± 6.2 | 22.6 ± 10.1 | 23.1 ± 0.1 | 78.1 ± 3.4 | 93.1 ± 4.5 |
Sulfisomidine | 65.3 ± 4.2 | 65 ± 16.2 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 72.1 ± 6.9 | 52.1 ± 6.9 | 75.2 ± 15.3 |
Sulfamethazine | 98.1 ± 14.8 | 44.9 ± 16.4 | 78.1 ± 17.3 | 70.5 ± 1.6 | 86.2 ± 25.1 | 70.5 ± 9 |
Sulfametoxydiazine | 67.2 ± 12.4 | 55.1 ± 29.7 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 44.2 ± 6.9 | 66.7 ± 9.9 | 55.3 ± 3.8 |
Sulfamethoxypyridazine | 92.1 ± 9.2 | 77.2 ± 18.5 | 32.6 ± 21 | 44.8 ± 13.2 | 82.1 ± 9 | 25.2 ± 14.9 |
Sulfamonomethoxine | 87.2 ± 10.4 | 82.5 ± 21.2 | 57 ± 15.2 | 57.5 ± 36.3 | 88.3 ± 15.2 | 62.8 ± 8.8 |
Sulfachloropyridazine | 78 ± 8.1 | 23.2 ± 21.4 | 65.1 ± 24.9 | 74 ± 27.5 | 55.1 ± 4.4 | 40.3 ± 20.3 |
Sulfachloropyrazine | 75.5 ± 9.8 | 32.3 ± 23.2 | 56.9 ± 16.2 | 64.2 ± 1.7 | 67.3 ± 5.7 | 77.9 ± 35.7 |
Sulfaquinoxaline | 85.6 ± 15.8 | 88.5 ± 25.3 | 29.4 ± 11.8 | 81.7 ± 24.2 | 90.7 ± 13.5 | 74.7 ± 21.3 |
Sulfanitran | 95.2 ± 41 | 96.1 ± 1.9 | 93.7 ± 4.0 | 93.4 ± 21.6 | 93.4 ± 2.6 | 99.8 ± 3.2 |
Sulfisoxazole | 75.1 ± 8.6 | 45.1 ± 27.6 | 32.2 ± 13.2 | 52.6 ± 8.5 | 36.6 ± 1.5 | 44.4 ± 13.6 |
Sulfaphenazole | 68.3 ± 12.9 | 27.6 ± 39.8 | 18.4 ± 1.3 | 22.7 ± 0.5 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 11.8 ± 8.7 |
Sulfapyrazole | 67.5 ± 11.2 | 9.7 ± 2.4 | 31 ± 0.4 | 34.4 ± 11.3 | 19.7 ± 3.4 | 35.8 ± 4.8 |
Drugs | Linear Equations | Concentration Range (ng/mL) | R | LOD (μg/g) | LOQ (μg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sulfadiazine | Y = 0.0066 + 8.086X | 1–100 | 0.9961 | 0.6 | 2 |
Sulfamethoxazole | Y = −0.0077 + 6.813X | 1–100 | 0.9972 | 0.6 | 2 |
Sulfathiazole | Y = 0.0068 + 6.82X | 1–100 | 0.9956 | 0.7 | 2 |
Sulfamerazine | Y = −0.0001 + 12.39X | 0.5–200 | 0.9973 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfafurazole | Y = −0.0023 + 13.38X | 1–100 | 0.9985 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfadimethoxine | Y = 0.0083 + 1.883X | 1–100 | 0.9977 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfadimoxine | Y = 0.0066 + 16.923X | 1–100 | 0.9981 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfamethizole | Y = 0.0006 + 10.667X | 1–100 | 0.9964 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Sulfabenzamide | Y = −0.0096 + 1.762X | 1–100 | 0.9976 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfisomidine | Y = −0.0027 + 6.626X | 0.5–50 | 0.9974 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Sulfamethazine | Y = 0.0082 + 7.666X | 0.5–50 | 0.9973 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Sulfametoxydiazine | Y = −0.0081 + 6.697X | 1–100 | 0.9967 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfamethoxypyridazine | Y = −0.0019 + 9.768X | 0.5–50 | 0.9968 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfamonomethoxine | Y = 0.0021 + 2.81X | 0.5–50 | 0.9991 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Sulfachloropyridazine | Y = −0.0006 + 3.976X | 1–100 | 0.9991 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfachloropyrazine | Y = −0.0013 + 7.713X | 1–100 | 0.9979 | 0.3 | 1 |
Sulfaquinoxaline | Y = −0.0063 + 6.301X | 1–100 | 0.9974 | 1.5 | 5 |
Sulfanitran | Y = 0.0076 + 13.006X | 2–200 | 1.000 | 1.5 | 5 |
Sulfisoxazole | Y = 0.0003 + 12.186X | 1–100 | 0.9986 | 0.7 | 2 |
Sulfaphenazole | Y = −0.0068 + 11.336X | 1–100 | 0.9956 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Sulfapyrazole | Y = 0.0003 + 6.61X | 1–100 | 0.9992 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
Drugs | Within-Day (Recovery ± RSD%) | Between-Day (Recovery ± RSD%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 (μg/kg) | 10 (μg/kg) | 100 (μg/kg) | 5 (μg/kg) | 10(μg/kg) | 100 (μg/kg) | |
Sulfadiazine | 89 ± 11.7 | 91.5 ± 14.4 | 84.9 ± 17.9 | 86.3 ± 5.5 | 92.4 ± 7.4 | 91 ± 11.7 |
Sulfamethoxazole | 89 ± 4.3 | 86 ± 5.1 | 86.6 ± 14.8 | 97.6 ± 7.2 | 91.5 ± 10.9 | 86.9 ± 8.1 |
Sulfathiazole | 88.9 ± 12.5 | 94.5 ± 8.2 | 95.7 ± 13.6 | 90.3 ± 3.2 | 98.3 ± 9 | 103.4 ± 8.4 |
Sulfamerazine | 93.6 ± 1.9 | 97.6 ± 1.7 | 93 ± 8.7 | 93.2 ± 7.6 | 103.6 ± 12.4 | 96.9 ± 2.0 |
Sulfafurazole | 93.6 ± 9.7 | 92.6 ± 11.5 | 94.5 ± 11.6 | 92 ± 11.2 | 92.6 ± 12 | 99 ± 13.4 |
Sulfadimethoxine | 86.9 ± 7.2 | 89.6 ± 7.5 | 86.2 ± 9.3 | 99.5 ± 12.1 | 89 ± 0.6 | 92.8 ± 4.7 |
Sulfadimoxine | 90.8 ± 13.5 | 102 ± 1.2 | 88.9 ± 13.6 | 86.2 ± 14.6 | 95.9 ± 0.4 | 85.9 ± 4.6 |
Sulfamethizole | 100.1 ± 3.6 | 87.4 ± 4.8 | 93.7 ± 9.6 | 105.8 ± 4.8 | 90.3 ± 10.1 | 102.9 ± 9.5 |
Sulfabenzamide | 102.3 ± 13.1 | 89.4 ± 12.6 | 99.3 ± 7 | 93.1 ± 6.2 | 95 ± 12.4 | 103.7 ± 10.1 |
Sulfisomidine | 93.3 ± 6.9 | 104.5 ± 1.2 | 102.8 ± 10.1 | 101 ± 9.2 | 100.4 ± 3.1 | 94.1 ± 4.7 |
Sulfamethazine | 97.2 ± 1.4 | 99.7 ± 2.7 | 103.7 ± 9.6 | 90 ± 4.6 | 104.9 ± 10.8 | 93.1 ± 10.5 |
Sulfametoxydiazine | 84.3 ± 6.9 | 94.7 ± 8 | 93.6 ± 10.6 | 88 ± 11.8 | 85.9 ± 6.8 | 89.4 ± 12 |
Sulfamethoxypyridazine | 87.5 ± 9.8 | 89.7 ± 12.5 | 90.9 ± 12.9 | 89.1 ± 4.2 | 89.3 ± 2.9 | 88.2 ± 8.8 |
Sulfamonomethoxine | 86.1 ± 1.7 | 103.5 ± 9.9 | 95.9 ± 10.8 | 98.2 ± 0.2 | 100.1 ± 9.4 | 98.3 ± 10.6 |
Sulfachloropyridazine | 94.8 ± 8.5 | 87.8 ± 7.7 | 96.9 ± 12.3 | 87.7 ± 10.2 | 87.5 ± 13.4 | 94.2 ± 7.9 |
Sulfachloropyrazine | 103.2 ± 6.5 | 96.6 ± 11.8 | 93 ± 15.3 | 88 ± 11.6 | 93.5 ± 8.6 | 86.9 ± 13.4 |
Sulfaquinoxaline | 101.1 ± 2.5 | 103.7 ± 8.7 | 90.4 ± 10.5 | 103.8 ± 8.5 | 100.2 ± 12.2 | 96.6 ± 14.9 |
Sulfanitran | 101.4 ± 10.1 | 102.2 ± 12.8 | 96.9 ± 1.8 | 92.5 ± 7.6 | 102.7 ± 13.7 | 94.1 ± 11.7 |
Sulfisoxazole | 99.5 ± 3.3 | 90.7 ± 14 | 103.5 ± 11.3 | 93.3 ± 7.9 | 85.6 ± 10.6 | 104 ± 1.6 |
Sulfaphenazole | 104.2 ± 12.5 | 90.1 ± 9.3 | 87.7 ± 12.9 | 103.1 ± 6.6 | 89.7 ± 4.9 | 95.7 ± 14.7 |
Sulfapyrazole | 103.1 ± 9 | 101.3 ± 2.8 | 88.7 ± 9.9 | 99.7 ± 7.8 | 96.5 ± 3.4 | 88.2 ± 13.6 |
Kind of Drugs | Extraction Solvent | Purification | LOD (μg/kg) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
14 | 20 mM phosphate solution | Polymer monolith microextraction | 0.9–9.8 | [35] Zheng, 2008 |
9 | Sodium succinate buffer | SPE (HLB) | 10–50 | [14] |
12 | Hot water | Matrix solid-phase dispersion | 2–6 | [41] |
7 | ACN | Magnetic-multiwall carbon nanotubes as adsorbents | 1.4–2.8 | [13] |
16 | Ethanol | Immunoaffinity column | 3.0 | [15] |
16 | Phosphate solution | SPE (MCX) | 0.5~1 | [16] |
21 | Phosphate solution | SPE (MIP) | 0.1~1.5 | This work |
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Suo, D.; Zhang, S.; Song, Z.; Wang, S.; Li, Y.; Fan, X. Simultaneous Determination of 21 Sulfonamides in Poultry Eggs Using Ionic Liquid-Modified Molecularly Imprinted Polymer SPE and UPLC–MS/MS. Molecules 2022, 27, 4953. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154953
Suo D, Zhang S, Song Z, Wang S, Li Y, Fan X. Simultaneous Determination of 21 Sulfonamides in Poultry Eggs Using Ionic Liquid-Modified Molecularly Imprinted Polymer SPE and UPLC–MS/MS. Molecules. 2022; 27(15):4953. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154953
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuo, Decheng, Su Zhang, Zhanteng Song, Shi Wang, Yang Li, and Xia Fan. 2022. "Simultaneous Determination of 21 Sulfonamides in Poultry Eggs Using Ionic Liquid-Modified Molecularly Imprinted Polymer SPE and UPLC–MS/MS" Molecules 27, no. 15: 4953. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154953