Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemistry
2.2. Antifungal Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemistry
4.1.1. Synthesis of Compound 4
4.1.2. Synthesis of Compound 5
4.2. Bioassays
4.2.1. Antifungal Activity
Micro-Organisms
Antifungal Assay
4.2.2. Cytotoxic Activity
Cell Culture
Cytotoxicity Assay
4.3. Computational Methods
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Fungal Strain (Number Strains) | MICs (µM) a,b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 5 | Itraconazole | AmpB | Terbinafine | |
Aspergillus flavus ATCC 204304 (1) | ≥25.6 (1) | ≥17.3 (1) | 0.18 | 0.54 | |
Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305 (1) | ≥25.6 (1) | ≥17.3 (1) | 0.35 | 1.08 | |
Candida spp. (2), C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae | 6.4 (7) | 2.1 (7) | 0.06–1.42 (7) | 0.05–0.16 (7) | |
Cryptococcus spp., C. neoformans, C.gattii (2) | 6.4 (2) | 2.1 (2) | |||
Fusarium oxysporum (5) | 12.8 (1) ≥25.6 (4) | 4.3 (1) | ≥13.7 (1) | ||
8.6 (1) | ≥22.7 (5) | 6.9 (2) | |||
17.3 (3) | 3.4 (2) | ||||
Fusarium oxysporum ATCC 48112 (1) | 9.6 (1) c | 4.3 (1) | ≥22.7 | 6.9 | |
Fusarium proliferatum (1) | ≥25.6 (1) | ≥17.3 (1) | ≥22.7 | ≥13.7 | |
Fusarium solani (2) | ≥25.6 (2) | 4.3 (1) | ≥22.7 (2) | 6.9 (1) | |
≥17.3 (1) | ≥13.7 (1) | ||||
Fusarium spp. (9) | 6.4 (2) | 2.1 (2) 4.3 (1) ≥17.3 (6) | ≥22.7 (7) | ≥13.7 (7) | |
≥25.6 (7) | 2.8 (2) | 6.9 (2) | |||
Scedosporium spp. (1) | 12.8 (1) | 4.3 (1) | |||
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (3) | 12.8 (3) | 4.3 (3) | ≥22.7 (3) | ≥13.7 (2) | |
0.9 (1) | |||||
Neoscytalidium spp. (3) | 12.8 (3) | 2.1 (1) | ≥22.7 (3) | ≥13.7 (1) | |
4.3 (2) | 3.4 (2) | ||||
Sporothrix spp. (10) | 12.8 (10) | 4.3 (10) | ≥22.7 (2) | ||
≤1.4 (8) | |||||
Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 24198 (1) | 6.4 (1) | 4.3 (1) | ≤ 0.03 |
Compound | IC50 a | ||
---|---|---|---|
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | |
4 | 37.6 ± 2.0 | 34.2 ± 0.8 | 32.6 |
5 | 10.9 ± 2.7 | 12.1 ± 2.0 | 19.4 |
Fungal Strain | Time (h) | SI a | |
---|---|---|---|
4 | 5 | ||
Candida spp. | 24 | 5.9 | 5.1 |
Aspergillus spp. | 48 | 1.3 | 0.7 |
Cryptococcus spp. | 5.3 | 5.6 | |
Fusarium spp. | 2.7–5.3 | 0.7–5.6 | |
Scedosporium spp. | 2.7 | 2.8 | |
Scytalidium spp. | 2.7 | 2.8–5.6 | |
Sporothrix spp. | 72 | 2.5 | 4.5 |
Trichophyton mentagrophytes | 5.1 | 4.5 |
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Roa-Linares, V.C.; Mesa-Arango, A.C.; Zaragozá, R.J.; González-Cardenete, M.A. Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides. Molecules 2022, 27, 6890. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206890
Roa-Linares VC, Mesa-Arango AC, Zaragozá RJ, González-Cardenete MA. Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides. Molecules. 2022; 27(20):6890. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206890
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoa-Linares, Vicky C., Ana C. Mesa-Arango, Ramón J. Zaragozá, and Miguel A. González-Cardenete. 2022. "Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides" Molecules 27, no. 20: 6890. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206890