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Article

Novel Hydrophobic Polyvinyl-Alcohol Formaldehyde Sponges: Synthesis, Characterization, Fast and Effective Organic Solvent Uptake from Contaminated Soil Samples

1
Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133207, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Adjunct Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Molecules 2022, 27(23), 8429; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238429
Submission received: 14 October 2022 / Revised: 17 November 2022 / Accepted: 21 November 2022 / Published: 2 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano Environmental Materials II)

Abstract

In the present research work, PVFTX-100, PVFSDS, and PVFT-80 sponges were prepared using polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) with surfactants triton X-100/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/Tween 80, respectively, for the removal of organic solvents from polluted soil/water samples. All three obtained sponges were further made hydrophobic using dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS). The prepared sponges were characterized using different spectroscopic techniques and SEM analysis. The peaks obtained near 1050 cm−1 and 790 cm−1 were attributed to Si-O-C and alkyl side chain C-H stretching vibration that confirmed the formation of desired sponges. The SEM images showed the random roughness with a number of protrusions on sponge surfaces, which further played an important role in the absorption and retention of organic solvents molecules. The Sears method was chosen to calculate the surface area and pore volume of all the synthesized sponge samples. Among all three prepared sponges, the PVFTX-100 sponge showed a high pore volume and large surface area, with a maximum percentage absorption capacity of 96%, 91%, 89.9%, 85.6%, and 80 for chlorobenzene, toluene, diesel, petrol, and hexane, respectively, after eightcycles. The organic solvent uptake using PVFTX-100, PVFSDS, and PVFT-80 sponges is quite a unique and simple technology, which could be employed at a large scale for contaminated soil/water systems.
Keywords: hydrophobic; sponges; contaminated soil/water system hydrophobic; sponges; contaminated soil/water system

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saharan, Y.; Singh, J.; Goyat, R.; Umar, A.; Akbar, S. Novel Hydrophobic Polyvinyl-Alcohol Formaldehyde Sponges: Synthesis, Characterization, Fast and Effective Organic Solvent Uptake from Contaminated Soil Samples. Molecules 2022, 27, 8429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238429

AMA Style

Saharan Y, Singh J, Goyat R, Umar A, Akbar S. Novel Hydrophobic Polyvinyl-Alcohol Formaldehyde Sponges: Synthesis, Characterization, Fast and Effective Organic Solvent Uptake from Contaminated Soil Samples. Molecules. 2022; 27(23):8429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238429

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saharan, Yajvinder, Joginder Singh, Rohit Goyat, Ahmad Umar, and Sheikh Akbar. 2022. "Novel Hydrophobic Polyvinyl-Alcohol Formaldehyde Sponges: Synthesis, Characterization, Fast and Effective Organic Solvent Uptake from Contaminated Soil Samples" Molecules 27, no. 23: 8429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238429

APA Style

Saharan, Y., Singh, J., Goyat, R., Umar, A., & Akbar, S. (2022). Novel Hydrophobic Polyvinyl-Alcohol Formaldehyde Sponges: Synthesis, Characterization, Fast and Effective Organic Solvent Uptake from Contaminated Soil Samples. Molecules, 27(23), 8429. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238429

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