Simultaneous Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Four High Detection Rate Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea from Yunnan, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection and Preparation
2.2. Chemicals and Reagents
2.3. Sample Preparation and Analysis
2.3.1. Sample Preparation Method
2.3.2. Instrumental Analysis Method
2.3.3. Method Validation
2.4. Matrix Effect
2.5. Risk Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Optimization of Instrument Conditions
3.2. QTrap System
3.3. Matrix Effects
3.4. Optimization of the Amount of MWCNTs and MgSO4
3.5. Method Validation
3.6. Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea
3.7. Consumer Exposure Assessment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
Appendix A
References
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Pesticide | Ionization Mode | Precursor Ion/(m/z) | Product Ion/(m/z) | DP/(Volts) | CE/(Volts) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | ESI+ | 350.0 | 198.0 */96.9 # | 60 | 25/40 |
Triazophos | ESI+ | 314.0 | 162.0 */119.1 # | 55 | 25/50 |
Tolfenpyrad | ESI+ | 384.0 | 197.1 */154.1 # | 60 | 35/55 |
Indoxacarb | ESI+ | 528.0 | 249.1 */293.1 # | 60 | 25/22 |
Pesticide | Linear Ranges (μg/L) | R2 | LOQ (μg/kg) | LOD (μg/kg) | ME% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 0.01–5.0 | 0.9944 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 13.8 |
Triazophos | 0.01–5.0 | 0.9997 | 0.50 | 0.15 | −17.8 |
Tolfenpyrad | 0.01–5.0 | 0.9996 | 0.20 | 0.06 | −5.8 |
Indoxacarb | 0.01–5.0 | 0.9995 | 0.50 | 0.15 | 7.3 |
Pesticide | Spiked Amount (μg/kg) | Recovery (%)/RSD (%) | Intraday Precision (%) | Interday Precision (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 0.10 | 85.4/5.9 | 4.5 | 5.2 |
0.50 | 103.0/6.4 | 4.2 | 5.8 | |
1.00 | 105.0/5.3 | 3.7 | 4.7 | |
Triazophos | 0.50 | 74.8/5.3 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
2.50 | 92.9/4.7 | 4.3 | 4.5 | |
5.00 | 96.4/3.9 | 3.9 | 3.5 | |
Tolfenpyrad | 0.20 | 81.3/6.5 | 4.9 | 5.6 |
1.00 | 97.3/6.6 | 4.7 | 3.5 | |
2.00 | 101.0/5.9 | 3.9 | 4.5 | |
Indoxacarb | 0.50 | 90.4/6.7 | 4.7 | 3.6 |
2.50 | 98.1/5.8 | 3.5 | 4.4 | |
5.00 | 96.4/4.2 | 3.6 | 4.6 |
Pesticide | Detection Rate (%) | Range of Detected Content (mg/kg) | Mean Residue Level (mg/kg) | Median Residue Level (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 12.2 | 1.10–5.28 | 2.14 | 1.62 |
Triazophos | 10.4 | 0.014–0.103 | 0.049 | 0.046 |
Tolfenpyrad | 35.7 | 1.02–51.8 | 11.6 | 5.01 |
Indoxacarb | 5.2 | 1.07–4.89 | 2.84 | 2.96 |
Pesticide | China (mg/kg) | England (mg/kg) | Japan (mg/kg) | Korea (mg/kg) | European Union (mg/kg) | CAC * (mg/kg) | Canada (mg/kg) | America (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 2 | 0.10 | 10 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | — | — |
Triazophos | — | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.02 | — | — | — |
Tolfenpyrad | 50 | — | 20 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
Indoxacarb | 5 | — | — | — | 0.05 | 5 | — | — |
Pesticide | C (mg/kg) | D a (g) | T (%) | Bw b | EDI | ADI (mg/kg bw) [13] | HQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chlorpyrifos | 2.14 | 10 | 8.6 [41] | 60 | 3.07 × 10−5 | 0.01 | 0.00307 |
Triazophos | 0.049 | 10 | 27.1 [42] | 60 | 2.21 × 10−6 | 0.001 | 0.00221 |
Tolfenpyrad | 11.6 | 10 | 4.2 [41] | 60 | 8.12 × 10−5 | 0.006 | 0.0135 |
Indoxacarb | 2.84 | 10 | 1.6 [43] | 60 | 7.57 × 10−6 | 0.01 | 0.000757 |
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Lin, T.; Chen, X.-L.; Guo, J.; Li, M.-X.; Tang, Y.-F.; Li, M.-X.; Li, Y.-G.; Cheng, L.; Liu, H.-C. Simultaneous Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Four High Detection Rate Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea from Yunnan, China. Molecules 2022, 27, 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031053
Lin T, Chen X-L, Guo J, Li M-X, Tang Y-F, Li M-X, Li Y-G, Cheng L, Liu H-C. Simultaneous Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Four High Detection Rate Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea from Yunnan, China. Molecules. 2022; 27(3):1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031053
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Tao, Xing-Lian Chen, Jin Guo, Meng-Xia Li, Yu-Feng Tang, Mao-Xuan Li, Yan-Gang Li, Long Cheng, and Hong-Cheng Liu. 2022. "Simultaneous Determination and Health Risk Assessment of Four High Detection Rate Pesticide Residues in Pu’er Tea from Yunnan, China" Molecules 27, no. 3: 1053. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031053