Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Microbial and Physicochemical Changes in Prunus mume Juice during Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Browning Degree and Color Measurements of Prunus mume Juice
2.2. The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Total Phenols and Reducing Sugar in the Prunus mume Juice
2.3. The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the 5-Hydroxymethyl Furaldehyde Levels and the Amino Acid Nitrogen Content in the Prunus mume Juice
2.4. The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Total Soluble Solid and pH of the Prunus mume Juice
2.5. The Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Microbial Counts in the Prunus mume Juice
2.6. Changes in Physicochemical Properties and Microorganisms during Storage with Pasteurization and High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
2.6.1. Changes in Browning Degree and Color Measurement of Prunus mume Juice during Storage with Pasteurization and High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
2.6.2. Changes in Total Phenol Content and Reducing Sugar of Prunus mume Juice during Storage with Pasteurization and High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
2.6.3. Changes in the 5-Hydroxymethyl Furaldehyde Levels and the Amino Acid Nitrogen Content of Prunus mume Juice during Storage with Pasteurization and High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
2.6.4. Changes in Total Soluble Solid of Prunus mume Juice during Storage with Pasteurization and High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
2.6.5. Changes in Microbial counts of Prunus mume Juice during Storage with Pasteurization and High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Juice Preparation
3.2. Pasteurization Sterilization
3.3. Ozone Sterilization
3.4. Ultrasonic Sterilization
3.5. High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Sterilization
3.6. Physicochemical Analysis
3.6.1. Determining the Degree of Browning
3.6.2. Color Measurements
3.6.3. Total Phenolic Content
3.6.4. Reducing Sugar
3.6.5. 5-Hydroxymethyl Furaldehyde
3.6.6. Amino Acid Nitrogen
3.6.7. Determination of the pH and Total Soluble Solid
3.7. Microbiological Examination
3.8. Storage Treatment of Prunus mume Juice
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sterilization Methods | L* | a* | b* | ΔE |
---|---|---|---|---|
P | 13.14 ± 0.03 a | 1.06 ± 0.03 a | 1.57 ± 0.03 a | 1.99 ± 0.01 d |
O3 | 13.64 ± 0.15 b | 2.15 ± 0.04 c | 1.73 ± 0.03 b | 1.74 ± 0.06 c |
US | 14.64 ± 0.09 d | 1.11 ± 0.02 a | 1.53 ± 0.05 a | 1.24 ± 0.04 b |
HHP | 13.82 ± 0.08 c | 1.06 ± 0.05 a | 2.25 ± 0.03 c | 1.05 ± 0.05 a |
CK | 14.72 ± 0.04 d | 1.25 ± 0.01 b | 2.76 ± 0.06 d | - |
Sterilization Methods | TSS (°Brix) | pH |
---|---|---|
P | 2.13 ± 0.06 c | 2.34 ± 0.01 c |
O3 | 2.03 ± 0.06 b | 2.32 ± 0.02 ab |
US | 2.20 ± 0.00 c | 2.32 ± 0.06 b |
HHP | 2.17 ± 0.06 c | 2.31 ± 0.06 ab |
CK | 1.77 ± 0.06 a | 2.30 ± 0.00 a |
Sterilization Methods | APC (CFU/mL) | M&Y (CFU/mL) |
---|---|---|
P | ND | ND |
O3 | 15 | ND |
US | 10 | ND |
HHP | 5 | ND |
CK | 50 | 15 |
Storage Temperature (°C) | Storage Time (d) | pH | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
P | HHP | CK | ||
4 | 0 | 2.34 ± 0.01 a | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.30 ± 0.00 a |
3 | 2.30 ± 0.00 a | 2.28 ± 0.00 a | 2.27 ± 0.00 a | |
6 | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | |
9 | 2.30 ± 0.01 a | 2.28 ± 0.01 a | 2.27 ± 0.00 a | |
12 | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | |
15 | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.28 ± 0.01 a | |
25 | 0 | 2.34 ± 0.01 a | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.30 ± 0.00 a |
3 | 2.27 ± 0.00 a | 2.26 ± 0.00 a | 2.26 ± 0.00 a | |
6 | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.27 ± 0.01 a | 2.28 ± 0.01 a | |
9 | 2.28 ± 0.01 a | 2.28 ± 0.01 a | 2.27 ± 0.01 a | |
12 | 2.32 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.30 ± 0.01 a | |
15 | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.28 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | |
37 | 0 | 2.34 ± 0.01 a | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.31 ± 0.00 a |
3 | 2.30 ± 0.00 a | 2.25 ± 0.00 a | 2.25 ± 0.00 a | |
6 | 2.30 ± 0.01 a | 2.31 ± 0.00 a | 2.30 ± 0.01 a | |
9 | 2.30 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.00 a | 2.26 ± 0.01 a | |
12 | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.31 ± 0.00 a | 2.30 ± 0.01 a | |
15 | 2.31 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a | 2.29 ± 0.01 a |
Determination Standard | Storage Time/d | Storage Temperature/°C | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 25 | 37 | ||||||||
P | HHP | CK | P | HHP | CK | P | HHP | CK | ||
APC(CFU/mL) | 0 | ND | 5 | 50 | ND | 5 | 50 | ND | 5 | 50 |
3 | ND | <1 | ND | ND | 5 | ND | ND | 5 | ND | |
6 | ND | <1 | 5 | ND | <1 | 10 | ND | 5 | ND | |
9 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 91 | ND | ND | ND | |
12 | ND | ND | 1 | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | - | |
15 | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | - | |
M&Y(CFU/mL) | 0 | ND | ND | 15 | ND | ND | 15 | ND | ND | 15 |
3 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | ND | ND | <1 | |
6 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 5 | ND | ND | <1 | |
9 | ND | ND | 5 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
12 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |
15 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
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Ma, Y.; Xu, Y.; Chen, Y.; Meng, A.; Liu, P.; Ye, K.; Yuan, A. Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Microbial and Physicochemical Changes in Prunus mume Juice during Storage. Molecules 2022, 27, 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041197
Ma Y, Xu Y, Chen Y, Meng A, Liu P, Ye K, Yuan A. Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Microbial and Physicochemical Changes in Prunus mume Juice during Storage. Molecules. 2022; 27(4):1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041197
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Yuan, Yingping Xu, Yuanyuan Chen, Ailian Meng, Ping Liu, Kunyue Ye, and Anqi Yuan. 2022. "Effect of Different Sterilization Methods on the Microbial and Physicochemical Changes in Prunus mume Juice during Storage" Molecules 27, no. 4: 1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041197