ICP-MS Multi-Elemental Analysis of the Human Meninges Collected from Sudden Death Victims in South-Eastern Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Correlations of Average Trace Element Concentrations in the Meninges for the Whole Population of Subjects (n = 40)
2.2. Statistically Significant Differences between Meninges
2.3. Statistically Significant Differences between Elemental Composition of Meninges for Controls and Cases
2.4. Statistically Significant Differences between Elements’ Ratios for Suicide Cases in Comparison to Sudden Death from Accidents
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Population
4.2. Sample Collection
4.3. Sample Preparation
4.4. ICP-MS Measurements
4.5. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Element | Tissue | Mean Value for Cases | Mean Value for Controls | ANSp | WILCOXp | BMp |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Na 1 | T | 661 (252) | 846 (224) | 0.984 | 0.044 | 0.034 |
PL | 369 (235) | 710 (310) | 0.980 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |
PP | 415 (269) | 659 (254) | 0.795 | 0.006 | 0.003 | |
K 1 | T | 581 (252) | 741 (226) | 0.766 | 0.047 | 0.040 |
PL | 507 (302) | 739 (231) | 0.784 | 0.005 | 0.003 | |
PP | 541 (315) | 710 (194) | 0.283 | 0.034 | 0.029 | |
Rb 1 | PL | 414 (236) | 571 (179) | 0.746 | 0.011 | 0.007 |
Cs 2 | T | 1.35 (0.68) | 1.73 (0.56) | 0.682 | 0.047 | 0.039 |
PL | 1.27 (0.72) | 1.74 (0.76) | 0.901 | 0.044 | 0.037 | |
Co 2 | T | 5.12 (1.83) | 8.70 (4.61) | 0.449 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
PL | 5.94 (2.48) | 10.46 (12.39) | 0.469 | 0.055 | 0.047 | |
Cd 2 | PL | 7.54 (4.19) | 11.09 (4.72) | 0.566 | 0.016 | 0.010 |
PP | 7.55 (5.76) | 11.26 (6.49) | 0.469 | 0.043 | 0.046 | |
Sb 2 | PP | 0.55 (2.40) | 0.55 (1.24) | 0.008 | 0.036 | 0.035 |
Pr 2 | PP | 0.84 (0.95) | 0.45 (0.78) | 0.769 | 0.054 | 0.044 |
T | 1.15 (1.98) | 4.53 (13.22) | 0.666 | 0.037 | 0.033 | |
Sm 2 | PP | 0.67 (0.71) | 0.35 (0.69) | 0.792 | 0.056 | 0.049 |
Er 2 | PP | 0.81 (0.63) | 0.50 (0.42) | 0.770 | 0.054 | 0.044 |
Dy 2 | T | 0.27 (0.52) | 0.51 (0.53) | 0.562 | 0.038 | 0.033 |
Tb 2 | T | 0.05 (0.09) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.475 | 0.050 | 0.049 |
Element | Sudden Death Due to Suicide | Sudden Death from Accidents | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Friedp | PR/PL | T/PL | T/PR | Friedp | PR/PL | T/PL | T/PR | |
Na | 0.002 | 0.686 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.143 | 0.996 | 0.219 | 0.054 |
Mg | 0.066 | 1.000 | 0.062 | 0.071 | 0.003 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Ca | 0.009 | 0.325 | 0.027 | 0.296 | 0.018 | 1.000 | 0.042 | 0.077 |
Mn | 0.024 | 1.000 | 0.036 | 0.042 | 0.229 | 1.000 | 0.032 | 0.148 |
Fe | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.004 | 0.009 |
Cu | 0.015 | 1.000 | 0.081 | 0.002 | 0.368 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Mo | 0.000 | 0.589 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Cd | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Sn | 0.206 | 0.317 | 0.424 | 1.000 | 0.126 | 1.000 | 0.043 | 0.205 |
Ba | 0.946 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.076 | 1.000 | 0.506 | 0.010 |
La | 0.211 | 1.000 | 0.130 | 0.686 | 0.003 | 1.000 | 0.048 | 0.019 |
Pr | 0.607 | 1.000 | 0.502 | 1.000 | 0.007 | 1.000 | 0.148 | 0.014 |
Nd | 0.946 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.015 | 1.000 | 0.490 | 0.039 |
Sm | 0.607 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.006 | 1.000 | 0.950 | 0.035 |
Eu | 0.796 | 1.000 | 0.544 | 1.000 | 0.037 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.061 |
Gd | 0.958 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.024 | 0.773 | 0.829 | 0.035 |
Tb | 0.573 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.054 | 0.826 | 0.888 | 0.028 |
Dy | 0.678 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.015 | 1.000 | 0.620 | 0.079 |
Hg | 0.047 | 1.000 | 0.047 | 0.088 | 0.150 | 1.000 | 0.025 | 0.312 |
Tl | 0.092 | 0.389 | 0.071 | 1.000 | 0.065 | 0.219 | 0.028 | 1.000 |
Bi | 0.009 | 0.244 | 0.027 | 0.851 | 0.241 | 0.164 | 0.370 | 1.000 |
U | 0.000 | 0.851 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 1.000 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Element Ratio | Wilcox x | Wilcox p | Median Cases | IQR Cases | Median Controls | IQR Controls |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cd/Zn | 93 | 0.017 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Cd/Se | 49 | 0.043 | 5.345 | 11.419 | 12.346 | 35.369 |
Cd/Cu | 92 | 0.016 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.016 | 0.012 |
Cd/Ca | 125 | 0.169 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.024 |
Cd/P | 124 | 0.159 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.013 |
Cd/Fe | 116 | 0.098 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Group | Gender | n | % | Min–Max Age | Median Age | Mean Age ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cases (n = 20) | Female | 2 | 10 | 13–17 | 15 | 15 ± 2.83 |
Male | 18 | 90 | 20–62 | 49 | 44.67 ± 13.58 | |
controls (n = 20) | Female | 3 | 15 | 29–83 | 58 | 56.67 ± 27.02 |
Male | 17 | 85 | 18–93 | 57 | 55.46 ± 16.67 |
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Baj, J.; Teresiński, G.; Kowalska, B.; Krajka, T.; Buszewicz, G.; Forma, A.; Flieger, W.; Karakuła, K.H.; Kędzierawski, P.; Cywka, T.; et al. ICP-MS Multi-Elemental Analysis of the Human Meninges Collected from Sudden Death Victims in South-Eastern Poland. Molecules 2022, 27, 1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061911
Baj J, Teresiński G, Kowalska B, Krajka T, Buszewicz G, Forma A, Flieger W, Karakuła KH, Kędzierawski P, Cywka T, et al. ICP-MS Multi-Elemental Analysis of the Human Meninges Collected from Sudden Death Victims in South-Eastern Poland. Molecules. 2022; 27(6):1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061911
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaj, Jacek, Grzegorz Teresiński, Beata Kowalska, Tomasz Krajka, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Alicja Forma, Wojciech Flieger, Kaja Hanna Karakuła, Paweł Kędzierawski, Tomasz Cywka, and et al. 2022. "ICP-MS Multi-Elemental Analysis of the Human Meninges Collected from Sudden Death Victims in South-Eastern Poland" Molecules 27, no. 6: 1911. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061911