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Article

Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses

by
Gabriela Benetel
1,
Thaysa dos Santos Silva
1,
Gisele Maria Fagundes
2,*,
Katiéli Caroline Welter
1,
Flavia Alves Melo
1,
Annelise A. G. Lobo
1,
James Pierre Muir
3 and
Ives C. S. Bueno
1
1
Department of Animal Science, Universidade de São Paulo–USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Roraima–UFRR, BR 174, km 12, Boa Vista 69300-000, Roraima, Brazil
3
Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 North U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(7), 2227; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072227
Submission received: 23 January 2022 / Revised: 13 March 2022 / Accepted: 18 March 2022 / Published: 29 March 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Featured Papers on Bioactive Flavour and Fragrance Compounds 2022)
Versions Notes

Abstract

There is increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives to mitigate methane emissions from livestock systems. Our objective was to investigate the effects of essential oils (EO) extracts star anise (Illicium verum), citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllus), staigeriana eucalyptus (Eucalyptus staigeriana), globulus eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), ho wood (Cinnamomum camphora), melaleuca (Melaleuca alternifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare) and white thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on in vitro methane emissions from four rumen-cannulated Nellore cattle grazing a tropical grass pasture as inoculum donors. The semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess total gas production, dry matter degradability, partitioning factor, ammoniacal nitrogen, short-chain fatty acids and methane production. All essential oils were tested in four doses (0, 50, 250 and 500 mg/L) in a randomized block design, arranged with four blocks, 10 treatments, four doses and two replicates. Within our study, oregano and white Thyme EO reduced net methane production at 250 mg/L, without affecting substrate degradation. Essential oils from oregano and white thyme have the potential to modify ruminal fermentation and suppress rumen methanogenesis without negative effects on feed digestibility, indicating promise as alternatives to ionophores for methane reduction in beef cattle.
Keywords: greenhouse gases; methanogenesis; oregano; ruminants; thyme; NH3-N greenhouse gases; methanogenesis; oregano; ruminants; thyme; NH3-N

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Benetel, G.; Silva, T.d.S.; Fagundes, G.M.; Welter, K.C.; Melo, F.A.; Lobo, A.A.G.; Muir, J.P.; Bueno, I.C.S. Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses. Molecules 2022, 27, 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072227

AMA Style

Benetel G, Silva TdS, Fagundes GM, Welter KC, Melo FA, Lobo AAG, Muir JP, Bueno ICS. Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses. Molecules. 2022; 27(7):2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072227

Chicago/Turabian Style

Benetel, Gabriela, Thaysa dos Santos Silva, Gisele Maria Fagundes, Katiéli Caroline Welter, Flavia Alves Melo, Annelise A. G. Lobo, James Pierre Muir, and Ives C. S. Bueno. 2022. "Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses" Molecules 27, no. 7: 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072227

APA Style

Benetel, G., Silva, T. d. S., Fagundes, G. M., Welter, K. C., Melo, F. A., Lobo, A. A. G., Muir, J. P., & Bueno, I. C. S. (2022). Essential Oils as In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Manipulators to Mitigate Methane Emission by Beef Cattle Grazing Tropical Grasses. Molecules, 27(7), 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27072227

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