Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot—Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Quantification of Total Phenolics and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Taperebá Peel Extract
2.2. Evaluation of the Profile of Phenolic Compounds in Taperebá Peel by UPLC-MS/MS
2.3. Characterization of Chitosan Microparticles Containing Taperebá Peel Extract (TMP)
2.4. Stability Study of Taperebá Peel Microparticles (TMP) and Lyophilized Peel Extract (LPE)
3. Discussion
3.1. Quantification of Total Phenolics and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Taperebá Peel Extract
3.2. Profile of Phenolic Compounds by UPLC-MS/MS in Taperebá Peel
3.3. Characterization of Chitosan Microparticles Containing Taperebá Extract (TMP)
3.4. Stability Study of Taperebá Microparticles (TMP) and Lyophilized Peel Extract (LPE)
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Solvents and Reagents
4.2. Samples
4.3. Elaboration of Taperebá Peel Extract
4.3.1. Quantification of Total Phenolics and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
4.3.2. Obtaining Chitosan Microparticles (MPs)
Characterization of Chitosan Microparticles Containing Taperebá Peel Extract (TMP)
Microparticle Stability Study
4.4. Profile of Phenolic Compounds—UPLC-MS/MS
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Compound | Concentration (µg/g) |
---|---|
Benzoic acid derivatives | |
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 0.102 ± 0.090 |
Gallic acid | 21.994 ± 0.361 |
Vanillin | 0.869 ± 0.080 |
Vanillic acid | 0.006 ± 0.003 |
Methyl gallate | 0.031 ± 0.010 |
Cinnamic acid | 1.254 ± 0.040 |
Syringaldehyde | 0.136 ± 0.053 |
Methyl anthranilate | 0.003 ± 0.002 |
Ellagic acid | 79.080 ± 3.272 |
Coumarins | |
Daphnetin | 0.377 ± 0.121 |
Esculin | 4.016 ± 0.371 |
Scopoletin | 0.382 ± 0.161 |
Fraxin | 0.088 ± 0.030 |
Phenylpropanoids | |
p-Coumaric acid | 1.868 ± 0.211 |
Caffeic acid | 0.239 ± 0.031 |
Ferulic acid | 0.163 ± 0.025 |
Neochlorogenic acid | 0.129 ± 0.011 |
Cryptochlorogenic acid | 0.141 ± 0.012 |
Chlorogenic acid | 10.236 ± 0.211 |
Sinapyl alcohol | 1.142 ± 0.042 |
trans-Coutaric acid | 0.036 ± 0.031 |
Stilbenes | |
trans-Resveratrol | 0.650 ± 0.022 |
trans-Piceid | 3.577 ± 0.181 |
cis-Piceid | 21.106 ± 1.330 |
Dihydrochalcones | |
Phloretin | 0.017 ± 0.004 |
Phloridzin | 0.215 ± 0.041 |
Trilobatin | 0.051 ± 0.011 |
Flavones | |
Apigenin | 0.035 ± 0.011 |
Sinensetin | 1.453 ± 0.031 |
Luteolin | 0.214 ± 0.011 |
Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside | 1.185 ± 0.081 |
Hesperidin | 0.129 ± 0.071 |
Flavanones | |
Naringenin | 1.037 ± 0.061 |
Flavonols | |
Quercetin | 66.402 ± 1.131 |
Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | 0.305 ± 0.041 |
Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide | 0.078 ± 0.021 |
Quercetin-3-Glc-Ara | 0.065 ± 0.021 |
Rutin | 1.326 ± 0.081 |
Kaempferol | 0.374 ± 0.061 |
Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside | 2.997 ± 0.091 |
Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside | 0.089 ± 0.011 |
Myricetin | 8.137 ± 0.141 |
Syringetin | 1.811 ± 0.051 |
Syringetin-3-O-glucoside | 0.023 ± 0.011 |
Rhamnetin | 0.150 ± 0.071 |
Isorhamnetin | 0.769 ± 0.051 |
Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside | 1.788 ± 0.081 |
Hydroquinone derivative | |
Arbutin | 1.279 ± 0.071 |
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Brito, G.O.d.; Reis, B.C.; Ferreira, E.A.; Vilela Junqueira, N.T.; Sá-Barreto, L.C.L.; Mattivi, F.; Vrhovsek, U.; Gris, E.F. Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot—Brazil. Molecules 2022, 27, 2382. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082382
Brito GOd, Reis BC, Ferreira EA, Vilela Junqueira NT, Sá-Barreto LCL, Mattivi F, Vrhovsek U, Gris EF. Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot—Brazil. Molecules. 2022; 27(8):2382. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082382
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrito, Giovanna Oliveira de, Bruna Cabral Reis, Eduardo A. Ferreira, Nilton T. Vilela Junqueira, Lívia C. L. Sá-Barreto, Fulvio Mattivi, Urska Vrhovsek, and Eliana Fortes Gris. 2022. "Phenolic Compound Profile by UPLC-MS/MS and Encapsulation with Chitosan of Spondias mombin L. Fruit Peel Extract from Cerrado Hotspot—Brazil" Molecules 27, no. 8: 2382. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27082382