Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine in Tablets by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Classical Least Square Method
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Apparatus, Materials and Methods
2.1. Apparatus and Chemicals
2.1.1. Apparatus
2.1.2. Chemicals
Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine Standard Solutions
Mixed Experimental Solutions
2.2. Analytical Procedure
- Preparing standard solutions of each component to be determined and the sample solutions containing their mixtures.
- Scanning the spectrum of the solutions at an appropriate wavelength range to obtain CSV files in the form of an excel spreadsheet.
- Running the CLS-Excel program for the data from the excel files to calculate the concentration of components in the mixed solution and their relative error.
2.3. Statistical Parameters
2.3.1. Relative Error
2.3.2. Repeatability
2.3.3. Accuracy
- a.
- Recovery
- b.
- Comparison of the proposed method with the HPLC standard method
2.4. Actual Sample Treatment and Calculation of the Content of Substances
2.4.1. Sample Treatment
2.4.2. Calculation of the Content of Substances
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Accuracy and Repeatability of the Analytical Method on Laboratory Samples
3.2. Simultaneous Quantification of PAR, IBU, and CAF in Drug Samples
3.3. Accuracy Verification
3.3.1. Recovery
3.3.2. Comparison of CSL-Excel and HPLC Methods
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Sample | Conc. Ratio (μg/mL) PAR/IBU/CAF | Run Order | PAR | IBU | CAF | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPAR (μg/mL) | RE (%) | Statistics | CIBU (μg/mL) | RE (%) | Statistics | CCAF (μg/mL) | RE (%) | Statistics | |||
M1 | 16:12:7 | 1 2 3 | 16.091 16.179 16.161 | 0.57 1.12 0.82 | Cmean = 16.144 RSD (%) = 0.288 1/2RSDH = 5.270 REmean (%) = 0.84 | 11.858 11.892 11.885 | −1.18 −0.93 −0.96 | Cmean = 11.878 RSD (%) = 0.151 1/2RSDH = 5.504 REmean (%) = −1.02 | 6.989 6.989 7.000 | −0.16 −0.16 0.00 | Cmean = 6.993 RSD (%) = 0.091 1/2RSDH = 5.969 REmean (%) = −0.11 |
M2 | 14:10:6 | 1 2 3 | 13.992 14.059 14.013 | −0.06 0.42 0.09 | Cmean = 14.021 RSD (%) = 0.244 1/2RSDH = 5.378 REmean (%) = 0.15 | 10.004 9.981 10.002 | 0.04 −0.19 0.02 | Cmean = 9.996 RSD (%) = 0.127 1/2RSDH = 5.657 REmean (%) = −0.07 | 5.991 5.980 5.990 | −0.15 −0.33 −0.17 | Cmean = 5.987 RSD (%) = 0.102 1/2RSDH = 6.109 REmean (%) = −0.22 |
M3 | 12:8:5 | 1 2 3 | 11.943 12.008 11.964 | −0.47 0.07 −0.30 | Cmean = 11.992 RSD (%) = 0.277 1/2RSDH = 5.504 REmean (%) = −0.23 | 8.023 7.996 7.989 | 0.29 −0.05 −0.14 | Cmean = 8.003 RSD (%) = 0.224 1/2RSDH = 5.850 REmean (%) = 0.03 | 4.957 4.958 4.974 | −0.86 −0.84 −0.52 | Cmean = 4.963 RSD (%)= 0.192 1/2RSDH = 6.279 REmean (%) = −0.71 |
M4 | 10:6:4 | 1 2 3 | 9.979 10.035 10.004 | −0.21 0.35 0.04 | Cmean = 10.006 RSD (%) = 0.280 1/2RSDH = 5.657 REmean (%) = 0.06 | 6.040 6.052 6.044 | 0.67 0.87 0.73 | Cmean = 6.045 RSD (%) = 0.101 1/2RSDH = 6.109 REmean (%) = 0.76 | 3.961 3.959 3.969 | −0.98 −1.03 −0.78 | Cmean = 3.963 RSD (%) = 0.134 1/2RSDH = 6.493 REmean (%) = −0.91 |
M5 | 8:4:3 | 1 2 3 | 7.899 7.937 7.909 | −1.26 −0.79 −1.14 | Cmean = 7.918 RSD (%) = 0.247 1/2RSDH = 5.850 REmean (%) = −1.02 | 4.023 4.024 4.014 | 0.58 0.60 0.35 | Cmean = 4.020 RSD (%) = 0.129 1/2RSDH = 6.493 REmean (%) = 0.50 | 2.971 2.967 2.971 | −0.97 −1.10 −0.97 | Cmean = 2.970 RSD (%) = 0.089 1/2RSDH = 6.781 REmean (%) = −0.93 |
M6 | 6:2:2 | 1 2 3 | 5.973 6.027 6.007 | −0.45 0.45 0.12 | Cmean = 6.002 RSD (%)= 0.455 1/2RSDH = 6.109 REmean (%) = 0.04 | 1.998 2.002 1.992 | −0.10 0.10 −0.40 | Cmean = 1.997 RSD (%) = 0.252 1/2RSDH = 7.207 REmean (%) = −0.13 | 2.003 1.999 2.003 | 0.15 −0.05 0.15 | Cmean = 2.002 RSD (%) = 0.115 1/2RSDH = 7.207 REmean (%) = 0.08 |
M7 | 4:10:1 | 1 2 3 | 4.009 4.012 4.010 | 0.23 0.30 0.25 | Cmean = 4.010 RSD (%)= 0.038 1/2RSDH = 6.493 REmean (%) = 0.26 | 10.053 9.989 10.035 | 0.53 −0.11 0.35 | Cmean = 10.026 RSD (%) = 0.329 1/2RSDH = 5.657 REmean (%) = 0.26 | 1.006 0.997 1.005 | 0.60 −0.30 0.50 | Cmean = 1.003 RSD (%) = 0.492 1/2RSDH = 8.000 REmean (%) = 0.27 |
M8 | 15:10:1 | 1 2 3 | 14.929 15.060 14.876 | −0.47 0.40 −0.83 | Cmean = 14.955 RSD (%)= 0.633 1/2RSDH = 5.322 REmean (%) = −0.30 | 9.984 10.010 9.915 | −0.16 0.10 −0.85 | Cmean = 9.970 RSD (%) = 0.492 1/2RSDH = 5.657 REmean (%) = 0.10 | 1.008 0.997 0.986 | 0.80 −0.30 −1.40 | Cmean = 0.997 RSD (%) = 1.103 1/2RSDH = 8.000 REmean (%) = −0.30 |
M9 | 8:5:0.5 | 1 2 3 | 8.004 7.981 8.044 | 0.05 −0.24 0.55 | Cmean = 8.010 RSD (%)= 0.398 1/2RSDH = 5.849 REmean (%) = 0.12 | 4.974 5.023 4.981 | −0.52 0.46 −0.38 | Cmean = 4.993 RSD (%) = 0.531 1/2RSDH = 6.280 REmean (%) = −0.15 | 0.507 0.497 0.498 | 1.40 −0.60 −0.40 | Cmean = 0.501 RSD (%) = 1.099 1/2RSDH = 8.877 REmean (%) = 0.133 |
Sample | PAR | IBU | CAF | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CPAR (µg/mL) | Content (mg/Tablet) | CIBU (µg/mL) | Content (mg/Tablet) | CCAF (µg/mL) | Content (mg/Tablet) | |
S1 | 11.467 | 286.68 | 7.765 | 194.13 | 0.812 | 20.30 |
S2 | 11.503 | 287.58 | 7.749 | 193.73 | 0.795 | 19.88 |
S3 | 11.463 | 286.58 | 7.825 | 195.63 | 0.802 | 20.05 |
Mean | 11.478 | 286.95 | 7.780 | 194.50 | 0.803 | 20.08 |
RSD% | 0.192 | 0.515 | 1.052 | |||
1/2RSDH | 5.541 | 5.875 | 8.269 | |||
%H* | 95.65 | 97.25 | 100.40 |
Repeated Sample | PAR | IBU | CAF | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cadded (µg/mL) | Cmeasured (µg/mL) | Rev (%) | Cadded (µg/mL) | Cmeasured (µg/mL) | Rev (%) | Cadded (µg/mL) | Cmeasured (µg/mL) | Rev (%) | |
S01 | 0 | 8.045 | 0 | 5.462 | – | 0 | 0.562 | ||
S02 | 8.000 | – | 5.502 | 0.568 | – | ||||
S03 | 7.987 | 5.483 | 0.564 | ||||||
Statistics | Cmeasured (mean) = 8.011 | Cmeasured (mean) = 5.482 | Cmeasured (mean) = 0.565 | ||||||
RSD% = 0.380 | RSD% = 0.360 | RSD% = 0.540 | |||||||
S11 | 2.000 | 9.901 | 92.80 | 2.000 | 7.475 | 100.65 | 0.500 | 1.035 | 94.60 |
S12 | 9.916 | 95.80 | 7.543 | 102.05 | 1.057 | 97.80 | |||
S13 | 9.944 | 98.30 | 7.564 | 104.05 | 1.064 | 100.00 | |||
Statistics | Cmeasured (mean) = 9.920 | Cmeasured (mean) = 7.527 | Cmeasured (mean) = 1.052 | ||||||
RSD% = 0.22 | RSD% = 0.61 | RSD% = 1.44 | |||||||
Revmean (%) = 95.63 | Revmean (%) = 102.25 | Revmean (%) = 97.47 | |||||||
S21 | 4.000 | 11.824 | 94.48 | 4.000 | 9.551 | 102.23 | 1.000 | 1.578 | 101.60 |
S22 | 11.713 | 92.83 | 9.538 | 100.90 | 1.585 | 101.70 | |||
S23 | 11.711 | 93.10 | 9.536 | 101.33 | 1.582 | 101.80 | |||
Statistics | Cmeasured (mean) = 11.749 | Cmeasured (mean) = 9.542 | Cmeasured (mean) = 1.582 | ||||||
RSD% = 0.55 | RSD% = 0.09 | RSD% = 0.22 | |||||||
Revmean (%) = 93.47 | Revmean (%) = 101.48 | Revmean (%) = 101.70 | |||||||
S31 | 6.000 | 13.893 | 97.46 | 6.000 | 11.247 | 96.42 | 1.500 | 2.074 | 100.80 |
S32 | 13.777 | 96.28 | 11.246 | 95.73 | 2.093 | 101.67 | |||
S33 | 13.774 | 96.45 | 11.238 | 95.92 | 2.093 | 101.80 | |||
Statistics | Cmeasured (mean) = 13.815 | Cmeasured (mean) = 11.238 | Cmeasured (mean) = 2.087 | ||||||
RSD% = 0.49 | RSD% = 0.04 | RSD% = 0.52 | |||||||
Revmean (%) = 96.73 | Revmean (%) = 96.02 | Revmean (%) = 101.42 |
N0 | Content (H, mg/Tablet) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAR | IBU | CAF | ||||
CLS | HPLC | CLS | HPLC | CLS | HPLC | |
1 | 286.68 | 287.98 | 194.13 | 193.02 | 20.30 | 20.37 |
2 | 287.58 | 285.26 | 193.73 | 195.90 | 19.88 | 20.19 |
3 | 286.58 | 289.18 | 195.63 | 195.69 | 20.05 | 19.98 |
Hmean | 286.95 | 287.47 | 194.50 | 194.87 | 20.08 | 20.18 |
RSD (%) | 0.19 | 0.73 | 0.51 | 0.83 | 1.05 | 0.99 |
tcal | 0.438 | 0.342 | 0.622 | |||
ttheory (0.05;4) | 2.78 | 2.78 | 2.78 | |||
p | 0.68 | 0.75 | 0.57 |
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Tran, B.T.; Tran, T.N.; Tran, A.M.T.; Nguyen, G.C.D.; Nguyen, Q.T.T. Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine in Tablets by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Classical Least Square Method. Molecules 2022, 27, 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092657
Tran BT, Tran TN, Tran AMT, Nguyen GCD, Nguyen QTT. Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine in Tablets by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Classical Least Square Method. Molecules. 2022; 27(9):2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092657
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran, Binh Thuc, Tuyen Ngoc Tran, Ai My Thi Tran, Giang Chau Dang Nguyen, and Quynh Trang Thi Nguyen. 2022. "Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Caffeine in Tablets by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Classical Least Square Method" Molecules 27, no. 9: 2657. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092657