Polysaccharides from Radix Peucedani: Extraction, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides Using DESs
2.1.1. Influence of the DES System
2.1.2. Influence of DES Water Content on Extraction Yield
2.1.3. Influence of Other Factors on Extraction Yield
2.1.4. Optimization of Extraction Conditions by Box–Behnken Design
2.1.5. Optimization and Validation Experiments
2.1.6. Effect of Response Surface Interaction on Extraction Rate
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Image
2.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy
2.4. Antioxidant Activity
2.4.1. Scavenging of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Radicals
2.4.2. Scavenging of 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)radicals
2.4.3. Scavenging of Hydroxyl Radicals
2.5. Chemical Modification
2.5.1. Molecular Weight
2.5.2. Polysaccharide Molecular Conformation
2.6. Monosaccharaide Composition
2.7. Pharmacological Effects of Polysaccharides Antioxidant Networks
2.7.1. Venny Diagram Construction
2.7.2. Target Screening and Enrichment Analysis
2.7.3. Constructing the “Herb-Polysaccharide Fractions-Target-Pathway” Network
2.7.4. Component-Target Molecular Docking Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials and Chemicals
3.2. Experimental Methods
3.2.1. Preparation of DESs
3.2.2. Powder Pretreatment
3.2.3. Extraction of Radix Peucedani Polysaccharides
3.2.4. Plotting of Standard Curves for Polysaccharides Content
3.3. Process Optimization for Polysaccharides Extraction by Ultrasound-Assisted DESs
3.3.1. Single-Factor Test
3.3.2. Response Surface Optimization Test
3.4. Structural Analysis of Polysaccharides
3.4.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
3.4.2. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectra
3.4.3. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity
3.4.4. Monosaccharide Analysis
3.5. Network Pharmacology Analysis
3.5.1. Prediction and Intersection of Targets
3.5.2. Network Creation and Enrichment Analysis
3.5.3. Molecular Docking
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F Value | p-Value | Significant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 34.45 | 9 | 3.83 | 43.31 | <0.0001 | significant |
A | 3.25 | 1 | 3.25 | 36.81 | 0.0005 | ** |
B | 6.6 | 1 | 6.6 | 74.67 | <0.0001 | ** |
C | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2 | 13.62 | 0.0078 | * |
AB | 2.14 | 1 | 2.14 | 24.19 | 0.0017 | * |
AC | 2.38 | 1 | 2.38 | 26.97 | 0.0013 | * |
BC | 2.78 | 1 | 2.78 | 31.43 | 0.0008 | ** |
A2 | 8.53 | 1 | 8.53 | 96.54 | <0.0001 | ** |
B2 | 2.65 | 1 | 2.65 | 30.01 | 0.0009 | ** |
C2 | 3.36 | 1 | 3.36 | 38.02 | 0.0005 | ** |
Residual | 0.6187 | 7 | 0.0884 | |||
Lack of Fit | 0.4426 | 3 | 0.1475 | 3.35 | 0.1365 | not significant |
Pure Error | 0.176 | 4 | 0.044 | |||
Cor Total | 35.07 | 16 |
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Zhang, J.; Wang, C.; Li, Q.; Liang, W. Polysaccharides from Radix Peucedani: Extraction, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules 2023, 28, 7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237845
Zhang J, Wang C, Li Q, Liang W. Polysaccharides from Radix Peucedani: Extraction, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity. Molecules. 2023; 28(23):7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237845
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jie, Chenyue Wang, Qian Li, and Wei Liang. 2023. "Polysaccharides from Radix Peucedani: Extraction, Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity" Molecules 28, no. 23: 7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237845