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Review

The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer

by
Yin Yuan
1,†,
Hai Qin
2,†,
Huilong Li
1,
Wanjin Shi
1,
Lichen Bao
3,
Shengtao Xu
1,
Jun Yin
1,* and
Lufeng Zheng
1,*
1
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
2
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, No. 206, Sixian Street, Baiyun District, Guiyang 550002, China
3
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031337
Submission received: 16 December 2022 / Revised: 11 January 2023 / Accepted: 28 January 2023 / Published: 31 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection Efficient Pharmaceutical and Chemical Approaches for Anticancer Therapy: Design, Preliminary Evaluations, and Further Developments)
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Abstract

The protein ISG15 encoded by interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 is the first identified member of the ubiquitin-like protein family and exists in the form of monomers and conjugated complexes. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 can mediate an ubiquitin-like modification by covalently modifying other proteins, known as ISGylation. There is growing evidence showing that both the free and conjugated ISG15 are involved in multiple key cellular processes, including autophagy, exosome secretion, DNA repair, immune regulation, and cancer occurrence and progression. In this review, we aim to further clarify the function of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer, demonstrate the important relationship between ISG15/ISGylation and cancer, and emphasize new insights into the different roles of ISG15/ISGylation in cancer progression. This review may contribute to therapeutic intervention in cancer. However, due to the limitations of current research, the regulation of ISG15/ISGylation on cancer progression is not completely clear, thus further comprehensive and sufficient correlation studies are still needed.
Keywords: ISG15; ISGylation; cancer; ubiquitin-like protein; post-translational modification ISG15; ISGylation; cancer; ubiquitin-like protein; post-translational modification

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yuan, Y.; Qin, H.; Li, H.; Shi, W.; Bao, L.; Xu, S.; Yin, J.; Zheng, L. The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer. Molecules 2023, 28, 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031337

AMA Style

Yuan Y, Qin H, Li H, Shi W, Bao L, Xu S, Yin J, Zheng L. The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer. Molecules. 2023; 28(3):1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031337

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan, Yin, Hai Qin, Huilong Li, Wanjin Shi, Lichen Bao, Shengtao Xu, Jun Yin, and Lufeng Zheng. 2023. "The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer" Molecules 28, no. 3: 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031337

APA Style

Yuan, Y., Qin, H., Li, H., Shi, W., Bao, L., Xu, S., Yin, J., & Zheng, L. (2023). The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer. Molecules, 28(3), 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031337

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