Low-Cost Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Glucose/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Carbons for Sustainable Ethylene Glycol Synthesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Material Characterisation
2.2. Catalytic Properties for Cellulose Conversion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Preparation of Materials
3.3. Characterisation of the Supports and Catalysts
3.4. Catalysts’ Evaluation and Products Analysis
4. Main Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | SBET (m2 g−1) | Sext (m2 g−1) | Vµpores (cm3 g−1) | Vp (cm3 g−1) | C (wt.%) | H (wt.%) | N (wt.%) | S (wt.%) | O (wt.%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CG-CNT | 431 | 68 | 0.142 | 0.32 | 93.3 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.3 |
AG-CNT450 | 465 | 82 | 0.150 | 0.32 | 94.4 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.4 |
AG-CNT700 | 727 | 70 | 0.250 | 0.50 | 94.7 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.7 |
AG-CNT1200 | 1220 | 111 | 0.432 | 0.83 | 95.7 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.9 |
Catalyst | SBET (m2 g−1) | Sext (m2 g−1) | Vµpores (cm3 g−1) | Vp (cm3 g−1) | Ni (wt.%) [a] | Ni (wt.%) [b] | Ni Crystallite Size (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20Ni-20W/CG-CNT | 281 | 66 | 0.085 | 0.26 | 32.6 | 32.6 | 24.6 |
20Ni-20W/AG-CNT450 | 191 | 66 | 0.052 | 0.21 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 23.6 |
20Ni-20W/AG-CNT700 | 219 | 88 | 0.055 | 0.34 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 21.0 |
20Ni-20W/AG-CNT1200 | 549 | 120 | 0.176 | 0.46 | 23.6 | 22.9 | 19.3 |
5Ni-20W/AG-CNT1200 | 821 | 109 | 0.277 | 0.57 | 4.6 | 5.9 | n.d. |
10Ni-20W/AG-CNT1200 | 692 | 101 | 0.236 | 0.57 | 10.0 | 11.2 | n.d. |
30Ni-20W/AG-CNT1200 | 245 | 125 | 0.051 | 0.30 | 37.5 | 35.4 | n.d. |
10Ni-5W/AG-CNT1200 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 15.8 | n.d. | n.d. |
10Ni-10W/AG-CNT1200 | 933 | 164 | 0.309 | 0.84 | 14.3 | n.d. | n.d. |
10Ni-30W/AG-CNT1200 | 794 | 98 | 0.274 | 0.49 | 12.1 | n.d. | n.d. |
Catalyst | T (°C) | (bar) | t (h) | X (%) | YEG (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.4Ru-30W/CNT | 205 | 50 | 3 | 100 | 42.4 | [26] |
0.4Ru-30W/CG | 205 | 50 | 5 | 100 | 42.1 | [27] |
5Ru-25W/AC | 245 | 60 [a] | 0.5 | 100 | 61.7 | [24] |
5Ru-40WOx/BC | 220 | 50 | 10 | 99.8 | 68.8 | [29] |
2Ni-30W2C/AC | 245 | 60 [a] | 0.5 | 100 | 61.0 | [23] |
2Ni-20WP/AC | 245 | 60 [a] | 0.5 | 100 | 46.0 | [25] |
20Ni-20W/CNT | 205 | 50 | 5 | 100 | 50.3 | [28] |
9Ni-13.5W/GC850 | 220 | 50 [a] | 2 | 100 | 69.2 | [2] |
9Ni-12WOx/GC700 | 220 | 50 [a] | 2 | 100 | 63.0 | [30] |
20Ni-10W/AG850 | 205 | 50 | 5 | 100 | 62.1 | [38] |
10Ni-5W/AG-CNT1200 | 205 | 50 | 5 | 100 | 61.7 | This work |
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Morais, R.G.; Ribeiro, L.S.; Órfão, J.J.M.; Pereira, M.F.R. Low-Cost Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Glucose/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Carbons for Sustainable Ethylene Glycol Synthesis. Molecules 2024, 29, 3962. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163962
Morais RG, Ribeiro LS, Órfão JJM, Pereira MFR. Low-Cost Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Glucose/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Carbons for Sustainable Ethylene Glycol Synthesis. Molecules. 2024; 29(16):3962. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163962
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorais, Rafael G., Lucília S. Ribeiro, José J. M. Órfão, and Manuel Fernando R. Pereira. 2024. "Low-Cost Ni-W Catalysts Supported on Glucose/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Carbons for Sustainable Ethylene Glycol Synthesis" Molecules 29, no. 16: 3962. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163962