Influence of Bi3+ Doping on Electrochemical Properties of Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 Electrode for Zinc Electrowinning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Surface Morphology and Crystal Structure
2.2. XPS Analysis
2.3. Hydrophilicity Analysis
2.4. Electrochemical Property
2.5. DFT Calculations
2.6. Electrochemical Stability Test
2.7. Simulated Zinc Electrowinning Experiment
3. Experimental Details
3.1. Pretreatment of Ti Sheet
3.2. Preparation of Sb-SnO2 Interlayer
3.3. Synthesis of Bi3+ Doped Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 Electrode
3.4. Characterization and Electrochemical Measurements
3.5. Theoretical Calculation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Electrode | OL/eV | OL/% | Od-ad/eV | Od-ad/% | Os-ad/eV | Os-ad/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 | 529.16 | 36.4 | 530.85 | 35.8 | 532.65 | 27.8 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/1Bi-PbO2 | 529.11 | 26.6 | 531.48 | 47.3 | 532.95 | 26.1 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 | 529.12 | 28.5 | 530.74 | 51.5 | 533.07 | 20.0 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/3Bi-PbO2 | 529.18 | 32.8 | 530.68 | 50.3 | 533.12 | 16.8 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/5Bi-PbO2 | 529.22 | 25.4 | 531.04 | 41.6 | 532.97 | 33.0 |
Electrode | Pb4+4f7/2/eV | Pb4+4f5/2/eV | Pb2+4f7/2/eV | Pb2+4f5/2/eV |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 | 137.20 | 142.01 | 137.96 | 142.82 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/1Bi-PbO2 | 137.07 | 141.92 | 137.80 | 142.67 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 | 137.06 | 141.96 | 137.79 | 142.74 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/3Bi-PbO2 | 137.15 | 142.04 | 137.88 | 142.83 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/5Bi-PbO2 | 137.29 | 142.06 | 138.17 | 142.92 |
Materials | Rs/ohm | Rct/ohm | CPE/S·sec^n·cm−2 | n |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 | 1.521 | 20.80 | 0.0306 | 0.921 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/1Bi-PbO2 | 0.797 | 16.07 | 0.0369 | 0.914 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 | 0.952 | 7.30 | 0.0599 | 0.905 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/3Bi-PbO2 | 0.854 | 11.29 | 0.0388 | 0.908 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/5Bi-PbO2 | 0.823 | 14.37 | 0.0350 | 0.920 |
Materials | a/V | b/V | η | |
---|---|---|---|---|
500 A·m−2 | 1000 A·m−2 | |||
Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 | 1.141 | 0.187 | 0.898 | 0.954 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/1Bi-PbO2 | 1.091 | 0.171 | 0.869 | 0.920 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 | 1.023 | 0.161 | 0.814 | 0.862 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/3Bi-PbO2 | 1.096 | 0.164 | 0.882 | 0.931 |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/5Bi-PbO2 | 1.114 | 0.171 | 0.892 | 0.944 |
Materials | qT*/C·cm−2 | q*O/C·cm−2 | q*i/C·cm−2 | q*i/qT* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 | 4.44 | 0.68 | 3.76 | 84.7% |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/1Bi-PbO2 | 7.25 | 1.01 | 6.24 | 86.1% |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/2Bi-PbO2 | 21.20 | 1.09 | 20.11 | 94.9% |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/3Bi-PbO2 | 11.49 | 1.18 | 10.31 | 89.8% |
Ti/Sb-SnO2/5Bi-PbO2 | 11.01 | 1.11 | 9.90 | 89.9% |
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Wu, J.; Kang, X.; Xu, S.; Wei, Z.; Xu, S.; Liu, K.; Feng, Q.; Jia, B.; Wang, Y. Influence of Bi3+ Doping on Electrochemical Properties of Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 Electrode for Zinc Electrowinning. Molecules 2024, 29, 4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174062
Wu J, Kang X, Xu S, Wei Z, Xu S, Liu K, Feng Q, Jia B, Wang Y. Influence of Bi3+ Doping on Electrochemical Properties of Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 Electrode for Zinc Electrowinning. Molecules. 2024; 29(17):4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174062
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jia, Xuanqi Kang, Shuangwen Xu, Zhen Wei, Shangyuan Xu, Kang Liu, Qing Feng, Bo Jia, and Yunhai Wang. 2024. "Influence of Bi3+ Doping on Electrochemical Properties of Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 Electrode for Zinc Electrowinning" Molecules 29, no. 17: 4062. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174062