Polyamine Derived Photosensitizer: A Novel Approach for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. N2 Was Specifically Taken into PANC-1 Cells
2.2. N2 Was Taken into PANC-1 Cells via PTS
2.3. Low Concentration of DFMO Promoted Uptake of N2 into PANC-1 Cells
2.4. Evaluation of Production of Singlet Oxygen of N3 and the Uptake of N3 into PANC-1 Cells
2.5. N3 Induced PDT in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
N3-PDT Inhibited the Tumor Growth on the CDX Mouse Model
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Synthesis of N1, N2, and N3
- ①
- Preparation of compound 2
- ②
- Preparation of compound 3
- ③
- Preparation of N3
4.1.1. Determination of Photophysical Properties of Compounds
4.1.2. Cell Cultures
4.1.3. Cytotoxicity Detected with Cell Counting Kit 8
4.1.4. The Uptake of N1, N2, and N3 into Cells Observed Using Fluorescence Microscope
4.1.5. The Uptake of N2 into Cells Evaluated Using Flow Cytometry
4.1.6. The Uptake of N2 and N3 into Cells Evaluated Using Spectrofluorometry
4.1.7. Competition Assay Evaluated Using Spectrofluorometry
4.1.8. Productivity of Singlet Oxygen Evaluated Using Spectrofluorometry
4.1.9. Phototoxicity in Cells
4.1.10. Evaluation of ROS in Cells
4.1.11. Animals
4.1.12. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of N3 In Vivo
4.1.13. Cell-Derived Xenograft Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer
4.1.14. The Dark Toxicity of N3 on CDX Mouse Model
4.1.15. The Phototoxicity of N3 on CDX Mouse Model
4.1.16. Molecular Structure Analysis of N2
4.1.17. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Drug | Tumor | N3-PDT 1st (%) | N3-PDT 2nd (%) | N3-PDT 3rd (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
III | II | III | II | III | II | |||
N3 | N3 | + | 70 | 30 | 20 | 80 | 11.1 | 88.9 |
N3 con | N3 | − | 100 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 33.3 | 66.7 |
DMSO | DMSO | + | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Deng, H.; Xie, K.; Hu, L.; Liu, X.; Li, Q.; Xie, D.; Xiang, F.; Liu, W.; Zheng, W.; Xiao, S.; et al. Polyamine Derived Photosensitizer: A Novel Approach for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules 2024, 29, 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174277
Deng H, Xie K, Hu L, Liu X, Li Q, Xie D, Xiang F, Liu W, Zheng W, Xiao S, et al. Polyamine Derived Photosensitizer: A Novel Approach for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Molecules. 2024; 29(17):4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174277
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Hao, Ke Xie, Liling Hu, Xiaowen Liu, Qingyun Li, Donghui Xie, Fengyi Xiang, Wei Liu, Weihong Zheng, Shuzhang Xiao, and et al. 2024. "Polyamine Derived Photosensitizer: A Novel Approach for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer" Molecules 29, no. 17: 4277. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174277