Development of Resorbable Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres as MRI Contrast Media Agents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Microsphere Morphologies
2.2. Structural Characterisation
2.3. Compositional Analysis
2.4. Degradation Studies
2.5. Measurement of MR Relaxation Times
3. Discussion
3.1. Materials Properties
3.2. MRI Analysis
4. Experimental
4.1. Materials
4.2. Glass Formulation
Glass Code | P2O5/mol% | CaO/mol% | Na2O/mol% | Fe2O3/mol% | CuO/mol% | MnO2/mol% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P45-Fe2.5 | 45 | 40 | 12.5 | 2.5 | - | - |
P45-Fe5 | 45 | 40 | 10 | 5 | - | - |
P45-Cu2.5 | 45 | 40 | 12.5 | - | 2.5 | - |
P45-Cu5 | 45 | 40 | 10 | - | 5 | - |
P45-Mn2.5 | 45 | 40 | 12.5 | - | - | 2.5 |
P45-Mn5 | 45 | 40 | 10 | - | - | 5 |
4.3. Microsphere Manufacture
4.4. Sample Preparation for EDX Analysis
4.5. Microsphere Characterisation
4.6. Degradation Studies
4.7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
4.7.1. Suspension Preparation
4.7.2. MRI Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | P2O5/wt% | CaO/wt% | Na2O/wt% | Fe2O3/wt% | CuO/wt% | MnO2/wt% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SMS | P45-Fe2.5 | 41 ± 4 | 44 ± 4 | 13 ± 1 | 2 | - | - |
P45-Fe5 | 33 ± 1 | 51 ± 1 | 11 | 5 | - | - | |
P45-Cu2.5 | 30 ± 4 | 60 ± 7 | 7 ± 3 | - | 3 | - | |
P45-Cu5 | 29 ± 3 | 57 ± 5 | 8 ± 3 | - | 6 | - | |
P45-Mn2.5 | 34 ± 1 | 50 ± 1 | 12 | - | - | 3 | |
P45-Mn5 | 34 ± 2 | 51 ± 2 | 9 ± 1 | - | - | 6 | |
PMS | P45-Fe2.5 | 35 ± 3 | 45 ± 4 | 17 ± 3 | 3 | - | - |
P45-Fe5 | 35 ± 3 | 46 ± 6 | 14 ± 8 | 6 ± 1 | - | - | |
P45-Cu2.5 | 37 ± 2 | 39 ± 4 | 21 ± 5 | - | 2 | - | |
P45-Cu5 | 37 ± 4 | 41 ± 6 | 17 ± 5 | - | 5 ± 3 | - | |
P45-Mn2.5 | 36 ± 4 | 49 ± 5 | 12 ± 2 | - | - | 2 | |
P45-Mn5 | 38 ± 2 | 44 ± 2 | 13 ± 3 | - | - | 5 |
Samples | SMS | PMS | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q0 | Q1 | Q2 | Q0 | Q1 | Q2 | |
P45-Fe2.5 Shift/ppm Xn/% | - - | −8.1 44.8 | −22.8 55.2 | 3.3 8.7 | −6.2 50.1 | −22.3 40.6 |
P45-Fe5 Shift/ppm Xn/% | - - | −8.5 61.4 | −20.9 38.6 | 3.8 24.4 | −5.3 37.5 | −20.8 38.1 |
P45-Cu2.5 Shift/ppm Xn/% | - - | −8.0 31.9 | −23.9 68.1 | 2.8 11.1 | −6.6 34.4 | −23.1 54.3 |
P45-Cu5 Shift/ppm Xn/% | - - | −7.9 32.6 | −23.8 67.4 | 3.9 2.2 | −6.5 32.7 | −22.8 65.1 |
P45-Mn2.5 Shift/ppm Xn/% | −9 - | −22 - | - - | 3 - | −7 - | −21 - |
P45-Mn5 Shift/ppm Xn/% | - - | −22 - | - - | 2.5 - | −8 - | −22 - |
Samples | r1 (mM−1s−1) | r2 (mM−1s−1) | r2/r1 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.5 T | 7 T | 1.5 T | 7 T | 1.5 T | 7 T | |
Mn SMS | 0.5 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 8.6 |
Mn PMS | 0.9 | 0.5 | 2.7 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 9.2 |
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Molinar-Díaz, J.; Arjuna, A.; Abrehart, N.; McLellan, A.; Harris, R.; Islam, M.T.; Alzaidi, A.; Bradley, C.R.; Gidman, C.; Prior, M.J.W.; et al. Development of Resorbable Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres as MRI Contrast Media Agents. Molecules 2024, 29, 4296. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184296
Molinar-Díaz J, Arjuna A, Abrehart N, McLellan A, Harris R, Islam MT, Alzaidi A, Bradley CR, Gidman C, Prior MJW, et al. Development of Resorbable Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres as MRI Contrast Media Agents. Molecules. 2024; 29(18):4296. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184296
Chicago/Turabian StyleMolinar-Díaz, Jesús, Andi Arjuna, Nichola Abrehart, Alison McLellan, Roy Harris, Md Towhidul Islam, Ahlam Alzaidi, Chris R. Bradley, Charlotte Gidman, Malcolm J. W. Prior, and et al. 2024. "Development of Resorbable Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres as MRI Contrast Media Agents" Molecules 29, no. 18: 4296. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184296