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Open AccessArticle
Relaxivity Modulation of Gd-HPDO3A-like Complexes by Introducing Polar and Protic Peripheral Groups
by
Sara Camorali
Sara Camorali ,
Loredana Leone
Loredana Leone ,
Laura Piscopo
Laura Piscopo and
Lorenzo Tei
Lorenzo Tei *
Department of Science and Technological Innovation, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4663; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194663 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 September 2024
/
Revised: 27 September 2024
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Accepted: 27 September 2024
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Published: 30 September 2024
Abstract
In the last three decades, high-relaxivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) have been intensively sought, aiming at a reduction in the clinically injected dose while maintaining the safety of the CA and obtaining the same pathological information. Thus, four new Gd(III) complexes based on modified 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (HP-DO3A) macrocyclic structure were designed and synthesized by introducing further polar and protic functional groups (amides, phosphonates, and diols) adjacent to the metal-coordinated hydroxyl group. A detailed 1H NMR relaxometric analysis allowed us to investigate the effect of these functional groups on the relaxivity, which showed a 20–60% increase (at 0.5 T, 298 K, and pH 7.4) with respect to that of clinically approved CAs. The contribution of the water molecules H-bonded to these peripheral functional groups on the relaxivity was evaluated in terms of the second sphere effect or prototropic exchange of labile protons.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Camorali, S.; Leone, L.; Piscopo, L.; Tei, L.
Relaxivity Modulation of Gd-HPDO3A-like Complexes by Introducing Polar and Protic Peripheral Groups. Molecules 2024, 29, 4663.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194663
AMA Style
Camorali S, Leone L, Piscopo L, Tei L.
Relaxivity Modulation of Gd-HPDO3A-like Complexes by Introducing Polar and Protic Peripheral Groups. Molecules. 2024; 29(19):4663.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194663
Chicago/Turabian Style
Camorali, Sara, Loredana Leone, Laura Piscopo, and Lorenzo Tei.
2024. "Relaxivity Modulation of Gd-HPDO3A-like Complexes by Introducing Polar and Protic Peripheral Groups" Molecules 29, no. 19: 4663.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194663
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