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Open AccessArticle
Regulatory Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Angelica sinensis Radix
by
Honghan Qin
Honghan Qin 1,2,†,
Juan Xu
Juan Xu 3,†,
Xiaojun Ma
Xiaojun Ma 4,
Rongchang Wei
Rongchang Wei 5,* and
Zuliang Luo
Zuliang Luo 4,*
1
College of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
2
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
3
Biotechnology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
4
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
5
Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contribute equally to this work.
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4725; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194725 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 September 2024
/
Revised: 30 September 2024
/
Accepted: 4 October 2024
/
Published: 6 October 2024
Abstract
Chlormequat chloride (CCC), as a commonly used plant growth regulator in the production of rhizomatous medicinal herbs, can effectively control the bolting phenomenon in Angelica sinensis, significantly increasing the yield of underground rhizomes (medicinal part). However, its specific effects on the intrinsic quality of Angelica sinensis, especially medicinal components, require further investigation. The objective of this study is to conduct a thorough examination of CCC residue and its influence on the yield and medicinal components of Angelica sinensis. By spraying different concentrations of CCC on Angelica sinensis, we systematically monitored the final yield of Angelica sinensis Radix (ASR) in each treatment group and the residual concentration of CCC in ASR. Using UPLC-QTOF-MS technology, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the metabolic profile of ASR. Subsequently, UFLC-MS/MS was employed to accurately quantify the changes in the content of nine key active components in ASR. The results of this study indicate that the application of CCC significantly improves the yield of ASR, with the best effect observed at 0.1 g/L, resulting in a yield increase of 24.8%. Meanwhile, the residual amount of CCC in ASR is positively correlated with the application concentration, with the residual levels as high as 7.12 mg/kg in the high-concentration treatment group. Metabolomic analysis preliminarily identified 21 chemical components in ASR, including four organic acids and 13 phthalides. It is worth noting that the quantitative analysis results indicate significant changes in active components such as butylphthalide, Z-ligustilide, and ferulic acid after the application of CCC. Specifically, high-concentration CCC significantly increased the content of butylphthalide and levistolide A, while low-concentration CCC significantly promoted the accumulation of coniferyl ferulate and senkyunolide A, accompanied by a significant decrease in Z-ligustilide and ferulic acidy. In conclusion, while CCC use can increase yield, the associated increase in residues and imbalanced composition ratios may threaten the quality and safety of ASR. Therefore, it is crucial to control the amount of CCC used rationally to balance yield enhancement and quality assurance.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Qin, H.; Xu, J.; Ma, X.; Wei, R.; Luo, Z.
Regulatory Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Angelica sinensis Radix. Molecules 2024, 29, 4725.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194725
AMA Style
Qin H, Xu J, Ma X, Wei R, Luo Z.
Regulatory Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Angelica sinensis Radix. Molecules. 2024; 29(19):4725.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194725
Chicago/Turabian Style
Qin, Honghan, Juan Xu, Xiaojun Ma, Rongchang Wei, and Zuliang Luo.
2024. "Regulatory Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Angelica sinensis Radix" Molecules 29, no. 19: 4725.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194725
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