Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Produces Signs of Apoptosis in Rat Leukocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Animals
2.2. The Treatment Protocol
- Control group: Rats without any treatment that ingested food (Rat Pellet Chow; Purina, Inc., MO, USA) freely with water from containers of the liquid for human consumption (Electropura-brand drinking bottled water; The Pepsi Bottling Group México, S. de R.L. de C.V.). According to chemical analyses, this water presented a fluoride concentration of <0.5 ppm; thus, it is considered to fall within normal limits and has been reported as not interfering with the experiment.
- Experimental group 1: Rats to whose drinking water we had added a concentration of NaF equivalent to 1 ppm of fluoride and with free access to food [14].
- Experimental group 50: Rats to whose drinking water we added a concentration of NaF equivalent to 50 ppm of fluoride and with free access to food [14].
2.3. Obtaining and Processing the Leukocytes
2.4. Determination of the Metabolic Activity of Leukocytes
2.5. Total Leukocyte Extract
2.6. Expression of Proteins p-53, bcl-2, and Caspase-3
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
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Treatment (n) | AIW (g) | AFW (g) | WCR (mL/day) | D-NaF (mg/kg/week) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control (25) | 252.13 ± 3.14 | 314.13 ± 5.39 | 29.05 ± 0.30 | 0 |
NaF 1ppm (25) | 252.70 ± 3.32 | 312.23 ± 3.32 | 31.05 ± 0.32 | 0.868 ± 0.01 |
NaF 50 ppm (25) | 251.65 ± 4.81 | 312.12 ± 5.21 | 30.48 ± 0.27 | 42.67 ± 0.38 |
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Gutiérrez-Salinas, J.; Morales-González, J.A.; Madrigal-Santillán, E.; Esquivel-Soto, J.; Esquivel-Chirino, C.; González-Rubio, M.G.-L.y.; Suástegui-Domínguez, S.; Valadez-Vega, C. Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Produces Signs of Apoptosis in Rat Leukocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 3610-3622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093610
Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Santillán E, Esquivel-Soto J, Esquivel-Chirino C, González-Rubio MG-Ly, Suástegui-Domínguez S, Valadez-Vega C. Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Produces Signs of Apoptosis in Rat Leukocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2010; 11(9):3610-3622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093610
Chicago/Turabian StyleGutiérrez-Salinas, José, José A. Morales-González, Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán, Jaime Esquivel-Soto, César Esquivel-Chirino, Manuel García-Luna y González-Rubio, Sigrit Suástegui-Domínguez, and Carmen Valadez-Vega. 2010. "Exposure to Sodium Fluoride Produces Signs of Apoptosis in Rat Leukocytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11, no. 9: 3610-3622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093610