Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Mulberry, Using Response Surface Methodology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Chromatographic Results
2.2. Selection of Solvent
2.3. Volume of Solvent
2.4. Extraction Time
2.5. Extraction Temperature
2.6. Optimization of the Yield of Anthocyanins
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
3.2. Plant Material
3.3. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
3.4. Experimental Design
3.5. HPLC Analysis
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Independent variables | Coded Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
−1 | 0 | 1 | |
Methanol concentration (X1) | 30 | 50 | 70 |
Temperature (X2) | 30 | 40 | 50 |
Liquid-to-solid ratio (X3) | 15 | 20 | 25 |
Test set | Coded levels | Anthocyanin yield (mg/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | ||
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 63.42 |
2 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 52.09 |
3 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 51.24 |
4 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 56.73 |
5 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 52.62 |
6 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 49.06 |
7 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 51.05 |
8 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 50.98 |
9 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 48.65 |
10 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 59.16 |
11 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 45.63 |
12 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 59.14 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62.13 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63.37 |
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 61.02 |
SD | SS | DF | MS | F value | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 485.93 | 9 | 53.99 | 94.32 | <0.0001 |
X1 | 133.25 | 1 | 133.25 | 232.79 | <0.0001 |
X2 | 60.83 | 1 | 60.83 | 106.27 | 0.0001 |
X3 | 37.80 | 1 | 37.80 | 66.04 | 0.0005 |
X1 X2 | 5.95 | 1 | 5.95 | 10.40 | 0.0233 |
X1 X3 | 6.38 | 1 | 6.38 | 11.14 | 0.0206 |
X2 X3 | 6.45 | 1 | 6.45 | 11.27 | 0.0202 |
X12 | 57.77 | 1 | 57.77 | 100.92 | 0.0002 |
X22 | 183.67 | 1 | 183.67 | 320.87 | <0.0001 |
X32 | 19.20 | 1 | 19.20 | 33.54 | 0.0022 |
Lack of it | 0.098 | 3 | 0.033 | 0.024 | 0.9937 |
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Zou, T.-B.; Wang, M.; Gan, R.-Y.; Ling, W.-H. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Mulberry, Using Response Surface Methodology. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 3006-3017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12053006
Zou T-B, Wang M, Gan R-Y, Ling W-H. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Mulberry, Using Response Surface Methodology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(5):3006-3017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12053006
Chicago/Turabian StyleZou, Tang-Bin, Min Wang, Ren-You Gan, and Wen-Hua Ling. 2011. "Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanins from Mulberry, Using Response Surface Methodology" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 5: 3006-3017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12053006