The Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. GA (Glycyrrhizic Acid) Reverses the High Glucose-Induced Effect on Cell Proliferation in NRK-52E Cells
2.2. Effect of GA on Cell Cycle Induced by HG (High Glucose) in NRK-52E Cells
2.3. Histopathological Findings
2.4. Effect of GA on SIRT1 (Silent Information Regulator T1), AMPKα (AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α), Mn-SOD (Manganese-Superoxide Dismutase) and TGF-β1 (Transforming Growth Factor-β1) Proteins Expression
Group (n = 6) | AMPKα Expression | SIRT1 Expression | Mn-SOD Expression | TGF-β1 Expression |
---|---|---|---|---|
Normal group (24 h) | 0.24 ± 0.018 | 0.21 ± 0.014 | 0.27 ± 0.018 | 0.17 ± 0.006 |
High glucose group (24 h) | 0.20 ± 0.027 * | 0.18 ± 0.015 * | 0.19 ± 0.031 * | 0.28 ± 0.019 ** |
Experimental group (24 h) | 0.22 ± 0.025 | 0.21 ± 0.017 # | 0.24 ± 0.028 # | 0.18 ± 0.017 ## |
Normal group (48 h) | 0.29 ± 0.010 | 0.19 ± 0.017 | 0.41 ± 0.048 | 0.23 ± 0.005 |
High glucose group (48 h) | 0.23 ± 0.007 ** | 0.13 ± 0.006 * | 0.22 ± 0.029 * | 0.31 ± 0.058 ** |
Experimental group (48 h) | 0.25 ± 0.006 # | 0.18 ± 0.005 # | 0.28 ± 0.024 # | 0.26 ± 0.037 # |
2.5. Effect of GA on SIRT1, AMPKα, Mn-SOD and TGF-β1 Proteins Expression, as Detected with Western Blotting
2.6. Effects of GA on Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Oxidative Stress Markers
Group (n = 3) | MDA (μmol/L) | SOD (U/mL) |
---|---|---|
Normal group | 7.57 ± 0.680 | 23.60 ± 0.538 |
High glucose group | 14.66 ± 0.480 ** | 16.22 ± 0.315 ** |
Experimental group | 9.77 ± 0.468 ## | 19.68 ± 0.952 # |
2.7. Effect of High Glucose and GA on ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) Production
2.8. Effect of GA on the Expression of Mn-SOD and PGC-lα (PPARγ Co-Activator 1α) mRNA
2.9. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Cell Culture
3.3. Cell Proliferation Assay
3.4. Flow Cytometry
3.5. Histological Studies
3.6. Electron Microscopy
3.7. Immunohistochemistry Assay
3.8. Immunofluorescence Assay
3.9. Western Blotting
3.10. UV Spectrophotometer
3.11. ROS Detection
3.12. Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR Assay
3.13. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interests
References
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Hou, S.; Zheng, F.; Li, Y.; Gao, L.; Zhang, J. The Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 15026-15043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915026
Hou S, Zheng F, Li Y, Gao L, Zhang J. The Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(9):15026-15043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915026
Chicago/Turabian StyleHou, Shaozhang, Fangfang Zheng, Yuan Li, Ling Gao, and Jianzhong Zhang. 2014. "The Protective Effect of Glycyrrhizic Acid on Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by High Glucose" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 9: 15026-15043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915026